Abstract
BackgroundLow-fat (LF) and high-fat (HF) weight loss diets improve brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in obese individuals, although results are conflicting. Moreover, the role that adipose tissue plays in mediating these diet-related effects are unknown.ObjectiveThis study examined how modulations in FMD by HF and LF diets relate to changes in adipocyte parameters.DesignObese subjects (n = 17) were randomized to a HF diet (60% kcal as fat) or a LF diet (25% kcal as fat) for 6 weeks. Both groups were restricted by 25% of energy needs.ResultsBody weight decreased (P <0.05) in both groups (HF: -6.6 ± 0.5 kg, LF: -4.7 ± 0.6 kg). Fat mass and waist circumference were reduced (P <0.05) in the LF group only (-4.4 ± 0.3 kg; -3.6 ± 0.8 cm, respectively). FMD improved (P <0.05) in the LF group (7.4 ± 0.8% to 9.8 ± 0.8; 32% increase) and was impaired in the HF group (8.5 ± 0.6% to 6.9 ± 0.7; 19% reduction). Increases in plasma adiponectin (P <0.05, 16 ± 5%), and decreases in resistin (P <0.05, -26 ± 11%), were shown by the LF diet only. Greater decreases in leptin were observed with LF (-48 ± 9%) versus HF (-28 ± 12%) (P <0.05, diet × time). Increased FMD by the LF diet was associated with increased adiponectin, and decreased fat mass, waist circumference, leptin, and resistin.ConclusionBeneficial modulations in vascular health by LF diets may be mediated by improvements in adipocyte parameters.
Highlights
Obesity is a key risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease (CHD)
flow-mediated dilation (FMD) improved (P
Greater decreases in leptin were observed with LF (-48 ± 9%) versus HF (-28 ± 12%) (P
Summary
Obesity is a key risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). Patients who are obese often exhibit increased LDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, reduced HDL cholesterol concentrations, and increased blood pressure [1]. Volek et al [5], report increases in FMD with a HF diet, and decreases with a LF diet, while Keogh et al [6,7] demonstrate no effect of either diet on vascular endothelial function during weight loss. In view of these contradictory findings, more work in this area is required before solid conclusions can be reached. The role that adipose tissue plays in mediating these diet-related effects are unknown
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