Abstract
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a new measurement technology, making use of the phase information contained in the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. InSAR has been recognized as a potential tool for the generation of digital elevation models (DEMs) and the measurement of ground surface deformations. However, many critical factors affect the quality of InSAR data and limit its applications. One of the factors is InSAR data processing, which consists of image co-registration, interferogram generation, phase unwrapping and geocoding. The co-registration of InSAR images is the first step and dramatically influences the accuracy of InSAR products. In this paper, the principle and processing procedures of InSAR techniques are reviewed. One of important factors, tie points, to be considered in the improvement of the accuracy of InSAR image co-registration are emphatically reviewed, such as interval of tie points, extraction of feature points, window size for tie point matching and the measurement for the quality of an interferogram.
Highlights
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has undergone rapid development since its first proposal by Graham in 1974
InSAR system is used on the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) in February 2000 which is sponsored by the NASA and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) to acquire spatiallycontinuous elevation information over 80% of the Earth’s land mass in a single 10-day Space Shuttle flight [22,23,24,25,26]
The results show that there is a linear relationship between the SRTM-Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor (LVIS) elevation differences and canopy vertical extent [24]
Summary
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has undergone rapid development since its first proposal by Graham in 1974. A surprisingly good performance by the SRTM suggests that this is a potentially valuable source for initial flood information extraction in large, topographically homogeneous floodplains [32] Another is on the comparison between SRTM DEM and other resource derived DEMs. The elevation differences between SRTM C-band 1 and 3 arcsecond resolution DEMs and ICESat 1,064 nm altimeter channel elevation data generated in areas of variable topography and vegetable cover were studied [33]. The HAND terrain descriptor produces a normalized digital elevation model that can be applied to classify terrain in a manner that is related to local soil water conditions This increases usability of the SRTM DEM and provides a new quantitative view on the steady state landscape, one that was missing in the repertoire of terrain descriptors [26].
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