Abstract
The toxic lead additives to gasoline are no longer used in many countries around the world. Many other countries are now phasing out the lead in gasoline. Although the lead fuel is still in use in Iraq, several plans are considered to phase out the lead. The use of organic compounds to replace the lead additives in gasoline is considered now as an option in Iraqi refineries. The main objective of this project was preparation of premium gasoline, by blending of gasoline with Alternative additives (alcohol, aromatic) to enhancing octane number of Al-Doura gasoline pool. Improved gasoline was tested by ASTM standard method which includes octane number measuring by CFR engine analyzer. Gasoline pool RON (80) was used and selective components were added to the gasoline pool (1-3%) to improving it octane, such as ethanol, methanol,isopropanol,isobutanol, benzene, nitrobenzene, Aniline, and nitro aniline. Octane number of blends was measured by CFR engine. Mixture of alternative additives was prepared and adding in 1-3%vol to the gasoline pool. It was found that the additives show significant improvement of octane number of gasoline but the important increasing of RON was shown on use mixture of alcohols and aniline.
Highlights
Internal combustion engines produce atoms in their molecular structure.moderately high pollution levels, dueThese hydrocarbons fall into three to incomplete combustion of categories such as paraffins, olefins carbonaceous fuel, leading to carbon and aromatics [5]
To find the optimum dosage of chemical components that enhance the octane number of the gasoline produced in Al-Doura Refinery, chemical components were used as in the different stages
Selective components are added to the Al-Doura gasoline pool in various 0.53vol% and octane number is measured by Cooperative Fuel Research Engines (CFR) engine, as follows: Alcohol components: Alcohols were used as antiknock agent to enhance octane value of unleaded gasoline
Summary
These hydrocarbons fall into three to incomplete combustion of categories such as paraffins, olefins carbonaceous fuel, leading to carbon and aromatics [5]. Automotive monoxide and some soot along with gasoline has been classified into two oxides of nitrogen , sulfur and some grades, premium and regular on the unburnt hydrocarbons, depending on basis of octane number. Gasoline with the operating conditions and the higher octane number has numerous fuel/air ratio[1]. Benefits including reduced exhaust emissions [3] and engine noise, Gasoline is a complex mixture of improved cold starting and engine hydrocarbons that normally boils durability. The under various engine conditions is its hydrocarbon constituents in this range octane number (ON) which included : are those that have 4 to 12 carbon.
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