Abstract
Pretreatment is a vital step in the enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass and the successive production of bioethanol. The present study is focused on thermal pretreatment (boiling & autoclave) methods of low grade and damaged longan fruits using three different types of the enzymatic sources from commercial cellulase, an enzyme from algae and mixed enzymes (i.e., commercial cellulase with algal enzyme). Total sugar production after the hydrolysis process from commercial cellulase, the enzyme from algae and mixed enzymes were 326.41 ± 08.97 g/L, 348.68 ± 01.95 g/L and 368.42 ± 01.16 g/L, respectively. Reducing sugar after the hydrolysis process generated from commercial cellulase, the enzyme from algae and mixed enzymes was 182.54 ± 03.05 g/L, 183.33 ± 04.70 g/L and 297.78 ± 02.94 g/L, respectively. Fermentation of these hydrolysate using Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5020 produced the highest ethanol production from using commercial cellulase, the enzyme from algae and mixed enzymes was 16.74 ± 0.62 g/L, 5.38 ± 0.54 g/L and 14.32 ± 1.89 g/L, respectively. Consequently, this study suggested that suitable pretreatment and hydrolysis processes are performing a significant role in bioethanol production from low grade and damaged longan fruits.
Highlights
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere [2,3,4]
Bioethanol can be produced by fermentation using feedstock like sugar, starch, lignocellulosic materials and algae
It can be produced from different feedstocks such as sugar, starch, and lignocellulosic materials that are rich in hexoses and pentoses
Summary
Greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere [2,3,4]. With the increase of GHG in the biosphere, environmental problems such as global. The hydrolysis process was carried out different three treatments Fruit wastes such as damaged fruits, peels and seeds 2% cellulase commercial enzyme, 2. Treatment 1: the 2% cellulase quantities of fruit waste are generated from agricultural processes enzyme was added in the pretreated samples in triplicate. Fruit waste pH of these samples was adjusted at 5.0 before adding the cellulase has high levels of sugars, including sucrose, glucose, and fructose, that enzyme. The flesh fruit is much in juicy, low in acid, high in sugar It has Yeast strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR 5020, were used in this reported that the storability of harvested fruit is associated with the study. This study aimed to use medium using 20 g/L glucose (Union Science Co., Ltd), 10 g/L yeast bioethanol can be produced from carbohydrate-containing substrates extract (Himedia Laboratories, India). The seed culture of S. cerevisiae was grown at room
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