Abstract
Ternary solid solutions composed of nifedipine (NDP), amino methacrylate copolymer (AMCP), and polysorbate (PS) 20, 60, or 65 were prepared using a solvent evaporation method. The dissolution profiles of NDP were used to study the effect of the addition of polysorbate based on hydrophilic properties. A solid solution of NDP and AMCP was recently developed; however, the dissolution of NDP was <70%. In the present study, polysorbate was added to improve the dissolution of the drug by altering its hydrophilicity. The suitable formulation contained NDP and AMCP at a ratio of 1:4 and polysorbate at a concentration of 0.1%, 0.3%, or 0.6%. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction were used to examine the solid solutions. No peak representing crystalline NDP was observed in any solid solution samples, suggesting that the drug was molecularly dispersed in AMCP. The NDP dissolution from NDP powder and solid solution without PS were 16.82% and 58.19%, respectively. The highest dissolution of NDP of approximately 95.25% was noted at 120 min for the formulation containing 0.6% PS20. Linear correlations were observed between the surface free energy and percentages of dissolved NDP (R2 = 0.7115–0.9315). Cellular uptake across Caco-2 was selected to determine the drug permeability. The percentages of cellular uptake from the NDP powder, solid solution without and with PS20 were 0.25%, 3.60%, and 7.27%, respectively.
Highlights
Nifedipine (NDP) is a typical poorly water-soluble drug that is pharmaceutically used as a calcium channel blocker for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases [1]
The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that NDP had a smooth surface and rectangular shape, whereas amino methacrylate copolymer (AMCP) featured a rough surface and an irregular shape
The addition of PS65 reduced the surface free energy. These results suggested that the surface free energy of solid solutions can be improved by the addition of hydrophilic surfactants (PS20 and PS60) but reduced by surfactants with low hydrophilicity (PS65)
Summary
Nifedipine (NDP) is a typical poorly water-soluble drug that is pharmaceutically used as a calcium channel blocker for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases [1]. Third generation solid dispersions are developed by using surfactants alone or in combination with hydrophilic carriers [11]. Adsorption of the surfactant onto the solid interface can reduce the hydrophobicity of a drug, thereby decreasing the surface free energy at the interface between the liquid and solid. Both excipients and pharmaceutical techniques are important for effective drug delivery [11]. The preparation of solid dispersion is reported using modern techniques such as electrospinning [12] electrospraying [13] and fluidized bed technique [14,15], production on a large scale is often difficult for them
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