Abstract
Abstract. Advances in geotechnologies and in remote sensing have improved analysis of urban environments. The new sensors are increasingly suited to urban studies, due to the enhancement in spatial, spectral and radiometric resolutions. Urban environments present high heterogeneity, which cannot be tackled using pixel–based approaches on high resolution images. Geographic Object–Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) has been consolidated as a methodology for urban land use and cover monitoring; however, classification of high resolution images is still troublesome. This study aims to assess the improvement on ceramic roof classification using WorldView-2 images due to the increase of 4 new bands besides the standard “Blue-Green-Red-Near Infrared” bands. Our methodology combines GEOBIA, C4.5 classification tree algorithm, Monte Carlo simulation and statistical tests for classification accuracy. Two samples groups were considered: 1) eight multispectral and panchromatic bands, and 2) four multispectral and panchromatic bands, representing previous high-resolution sensors. The C4.5 algorithm generates a decision tree that can be used for classification; smaller decision trees are closer to the semantic networks produced by experts on GEOBIA, while bigger trees, are not straightforward to implement manually, but are more accurate. The choice for a big or small tree relies on the user’s skills to implement it. This study aims to determine for what kind of user the addition of the 4 new bands might be beneficial: 1) the common user (smaller trees) or 2) a more skilled user with coding and/or data mining abilities (bigger trees). In overall the classification was improved by the addition of the four new bands for both types of users.
Highlights
Novel development in remote sensing technologies have enhanced urban land use and land cover mapping over the last two decades, especially due to the availability of high– resolution images (Blaschke, 2010)
In overall the classification was improved by the addition of the four new bands for both types of users
For DARK CERAMIC and LIGHT CERAMIC extraction the improvement is related to smaller trees and consequentially to user type 1 only
Summary
Novel development in remote sensing technologies have enhanced urban land use and land cover mapping over the last two decades, especially due to the availability of high– resolution images (Blaschke, 2010). The sensors aboard new satellites are increasingly suited to urban studies, due to the enhancement in spatial, spectral and radiometric resolutions (Pinho et al, 2012; Ribeiro et al, 2011). Sub–metric objects have been discriminated, which widely benefits urban studies using remote sensing data. Recent advances in geotechnologies provide resources to propose innovative strategies for urban and environmental management, including remote sensing data and computational resources for processing them, which, together, are able to generate high–quality databases and maps. More refined image analysis methods are being successfully applied for urban studies using high spatial resolution data
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