Abstract
Las aplicaciones de impresión 3D para construcción se encuentran en una fase inicial de desarrollo, tanto en lo referente a materiales y piezas como a procedimientos. Dichas limitaciones se deben a la especificidad del sector, el coste de la maquinaria necesaria y una ausencia de un patrón procedimental característico. El artículo presenta una metodología innovadora para superar estas limitaciones mediante un flujo de trabajo sencillo que permita el uso generalista de brazos robóticos mediante software integrativo y un uso de materiales optimizado. Asimismo se expone la integración de diseño y fabricación combinando Sistemas de Integración Robótica y técnicas de Fabricación por Deposición. Finalmente se muestra un modelo de optimización de material y patrones de relleno inteligentes. Se expone una pieza real de 0,4 x 0,4 x 1,5 metros como demostrador tecnológico de gran escala.
Highlights
Current 3D printing processes (1) (2) focus mostly on rapid prototyping (RP)
SLA (Stereolithography), SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) and fused materials (FDM) (Fused Deposition Modeling) techniques rely on a layer-by-layer approach to 3D printing, which presents a number of limitations that include: (i) the need for material continuity, (ii) the presence of support material in certain parts, and (iii) manual refinement needs
The WinSun Singapur Home or the 3D printed canal house by DUS Architects –see Figure 1– use the Contour Crafting methodology, where a nozzle pours concrete or a similar fused material directly in place, creating the final form or object physically (7) (8). These are interesting experiments that push the limits of construction, they fail at various points: the most prominent problem of the Radiolaria Project is the amount of material that is required for the fabrication, alongside the size of the infrastructure, which makes it unsuitable for moving its production to delocalized factories
Summary
Current 3D printing processes (1) (2) focus mostly on rapid prototyping (RP). SLA (Stereolithography), SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) and FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) techniques rely on a layer-by-layer approach to 3D printing, which presents a number of limitations that include: (i) the need for material continuity, (ii) the presence of support material in certain parts, and (iii) manual refinement needs. The WinSun Singapur Home or the 3D printed canal house by DUS Architects –see Figure 1– use the Contour Crafting methodology, where a nozzle pours concrete or a similar fused material directly in place, creating the final form or object physically (7) (8) These are interesting experiments that push the limits of construction, they fail at various points: the most prominent problem of the Radiolaria Project is the amount of material that is required for the fabrication, alongside the size of the infrastructure, which makes it unsuitable for moving its production to delocalized factories. It is not desired to create an universal design user interface, but to take advantage of widely accepted CAD-CAM software and use them as basis for completely integrated, native tools that deal with the most obscure and abstract aspects of human-machine interactions
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