Abstract

Worldwide, private lands have attracted increased attention from conservationists, not only because most of the globe is privately owned, but also because private lands can be an asset to the protected area conservation strategy. In Brazil, the riverine Areas of Permanent Protection (APPs) are a key instrument of the Forest Code to protect biodiversity on private lands, acting as wildlife corridors. We assessed this putative role of APPs by evaluating how ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) occurrence is influenced by covariates in 3 cerrado landscapes dominated by sugarcane and managed forests of eucalyptus and pine trees. We collected detection–nondetection data by camera trapping during 2 dry seasons (2013 and 2014) at 208 stations (6,606 camera-days). We estimated ocelot detection and mean relative abundance using a single-species, single-season occupancy model that accounts for heterogeneous detection probability induced by variation in abundance. Modeling results showed that percentage of native forest was the most important covariate to explain mean relative abundance of ocelots. This parameter was also affected positively by APPs, with ocelots being more abundant inside than outside APPs and, unexpectedly, by sugarcane. Given our study design, however, the positive effect of this crop likely reflects the contact zone between sugarcane and native forest. Our findings show that landscape composition affects ocelot abundance and highlight the importance of APPs and Legal Reserves in agricultural landscapes. We conclude that, in such landscapes, compliance to the Forest Code by private land owners is key to supporting ocelot occurrence. As terras privadas vem atraindo cada vez mais a atencao dos conservacionistas mundialmente, nao apenas porque ocupam a maior parte do globo, mas tambem como aliadas da estrategia de conservacao de areas protegidas. No Brasil, as Areas de Preservacao Permanente (APPs) riparias sao um instrumento fundamental do Codigo Florestal para proteger a biodiversidade em areas privadas, pois agem como corredores biologicos. A fim de avaliar esse papel das APPs, nos analisamos como a ocorrencia da jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis) e influenciada pelas APPs e por outras covariaveis em 3 paisagens de cerrado dominadas por plantacoes de cana-de-acucar e silvicultura de eucalipto e Pinus ssp.. Nos coletamos dados de deteccao/nao-deteccao por meio de armadilhamento fotografico durante 2 estacoes secas (2013 e 2014) em 208 pontos (6606 câmera-dias). Nos estimamos a deteccao e a abundância media relativa da jaguatirica com um modelo de ocupacao especie-unica/estacao-unica, o qual considera que a heterogeneidade existente na probabilidade de deteccao e gerada por variacoes na abundância. Os resultados da modelagem mostraram que a porcentagem de vegetacao nativa foi a covariavel mais importante para explicar a abundância media relativa da jaguatirica. Esse parâmetro tambem foi positivamente influenciado pelas APPs, sendo que a abundância desse felino foi maior dentro do que fora de APPs, e, inesperadamente, pela cana-de-acucar. Contudo, em funcao do nosso delineamento amostral, o efeito positivo dessa cultura agricola provavelmente reflete a zona de contato entre a cana e a floresta nativa. Nossos resultados mostram que a composicao da paisagem e determinante para a abundância desse felino e ressaltam a importância das APPs e Reservas Legais em uma matriz agrosilvicultural. Nos concluimos que, em paisagens como essas, o cumprimento do Codigo Florestal e fundamental para a ocorrencia da jaguatirica.

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