Abstract

The spacing effect is known to be one of the most robust phenomena in experimental psychology, and many attempts have been made to realize effective spaced learning for L2 vocabulary learning. This study, by incorporating structural elaboration as corrective feedback, attempts to improve a computer program for L2 vocabulary learning based on the Low-First Method, an algorithm which was developed to realize optimal spaced learning. The present experiment revealed that although structural elaboration did not contribute to effectiveness or time-efficiency, it significantly decreased the number of errors during learning. The effects of corrective feedback were also found to interact with individual differences in learners.

Highlights

  • The spacing effect is known to be one of the most robust phenomena in experimental psychology, and many attempts have been made to realize effective spaced learning for L2 vocabulary learning

  • Nakata: Implementing optimal spaced learning for English vocabulary learning program based on the Low-First Method, an algorithm which was advanced in cognitive psychology in an attempt to realize the most optimal scheduling of rehearsal opportunities, and aims to improve its effectiveness and efficiency for L2 vocabulary learning

  • A close examination of the data revealed that there were four learners whose access times in the –structural condition were greater than two standard deviations above the mean (66, 69, 97, and 110, respectively)

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Summary

Introduction

The spacing effect is known to be one of the most robust phenomena in experimental psychology, and many attempts have been made to realize effective spaced learning for L2 vocabulary learning. This study, by incorporating structural elaboration as corrective feedback, attempts to improve a computer program for L2 vocabulary learning based on the Low-First Method, an algorithm which was developed to realize optimal spaced learning. Rehearsal is defined as an activity to encode new information into our long-term memory through overt or silent articulation (Hulstijn, 2001) Unless they are rehearsed frequently, most new words will eventually be forgotten no matter how deeply they are processed at the first encounter due to the fragile nature of human memory (Ellis, 1995; Hulstijn, 2001; Nation, 2001). Nakata: Implementing optimal spaced learning for English vocabulary learning program based on the Low-First Method, an algorithm which was advanced in cognitive psychology in an attempt to realize the most optimal scheduling of rehearsal opportunities, and aims to improve its effectiveness and efficiency for L2 vocabulary learning

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