IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY ON THE TRANSFER OF AGRICULTURAL LAND FUNCTIONS TO RESIDENTIAL AREA IN WEST LOMBOK REGENCY

In 2008, a new principle of spatial planning was added to the German Federal Spatial Planning Act. It demands critical infrastructure protection (CIP) be taken into account in all spatial planning activities. Since the term 'critical infrastructure' is quite young, this problem has not yet been explicitly treated in spatial planning activities. This paper presents results from a qualitative analysis of available regional spatial structure plans and from a survey of all regional spatial planning authorities in Germany. It shows that regional spatial planning has marginally dealt with CIP related questions like infrastructure reliability and spatial exposure in the past. However, the CIP concept, in addition to regional spatial planning methods and procedures, needs comprehensive efforts to approach and synchronise both public functions.

Land Use Change occurred in many places in Boyolali Regency, including Boyolali and Mojosongo District. Some factors contributed to that thing, like residential and toll road development. There were some instruments to mitigate, such as Boyolali Regional Law Number 17/2016 and Boyolali Regional Law Number 8/2019. Despite being regulated, the enforcement of these regulations has been suboptimal, leading to changes in agricultural land use to non-agricultural purposes in several areas. Monitoring the law is important to see if it goes well or not. This can be utilized Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with overlay method and on-screen digitization of SPOT-6 imagery. Besides that, Remote Sensing analyzed land use trends using multi-temporal SPOT-6 images of 2018 and 2022. This study aims to determine the extent of land use in 2018 and 2022 as well as to determine the suitability of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land to land use and also evaluate the suitability of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land to the Regional Spatial Plan. Results showed that in 2018, the largest land use class was residential areas, covering 2,437.77 hectares, followed by rice fields and moorland, which covered 1,109.06 and 2,205.74 hectares, respectively. By 2022, residential areas had expanded to 2,625.57 hectares, while rice fields and moorland covered 1,130.54 and 2,145.07 hectares, respectively. Based on the overlay method, the suitability analysis revealed that Sustainable Food Agricultural Land matched 90.47% of land use in 2018 and 90.04% in 2022. Meanwhile, the suitability between the Sustainable Food Agriculture Land and Regional Spatial Plan amounted to 81.03%.

Banjarbaru City is one of the cities in South Kalimantan Province which is developing quite rapidly from year to year. Hence, it is necessary to research and study changes in land use and their suitability with the city development plan. The purpose of this study is to examine changes in the area and types of land use changes in Banjarbaru City within a period of 8 years, from 2013 to 2021, determine the rate of land use change, and assess the suitability of land use changes to the applicable Banjarbaru City spatial plan. This research method is an overlay to see changes in land use and the suitability of changes in land use with the direction of spatial functions in the Regional Spatial Plan. The result of this research is that in an area of ​​16,414.00 ha (53.7%) there is a change in land use in Banjarbaru City in the period 2013-2021. The biggest land use changes are dry land agriculture, vacant land, wetland agriculture, housing, and villages. The use of dry land and agricultural land has the largest decrease in area, which is 15,090.71 ha or a decrease of 365.5%. The use of vacant land increased in an area of ​​14,715.684 hectares or an increase of almost 4 times. Wetland agriculture has decreased in an area which is reduced by 986.55 ha or decreased by 65.8%. The use of land for housing/residential in the form of housing or villages has also undergone considerable changes. The use of residential land has increased by 528.105 hectares (44.626%) and the village area to 444.32 ha (21.2%). The suitability of land use with the RTRW in Banjarbaru City is 16,742.86 ha (54.8%) categorized as appropriate, while an area of ​​13,779.69 ha (45.2%) is categorized as not in accordance with the applicable RTRW.

Over time, land use in East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia has undergone changes, both to meet development needs due to population growth and to meet the economic needs of the community. The regional regulation of East Luwu Regency concerning the spatial plan of East Luwu Regency in 2010-2030 has established a protected area as part of the regional spatial plan of East Luwu Regency. To monitor changes in land use, remote sensing is one that can be used. It offers a variety of benefits in LULC (Land Use and Land Cover) study. This study utilizes remote sensing data and GIS software to analyze land cover in East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia with the aim of (1) evaluating the suitability of existing land use against the regional spatial plan of East Luwu Regency (2) knowing the factors that influence change in land use. This research is a non-experimental research type. The type of data used is secondary data. The method used is the spatial analysis method by conducting an overlay analysis between the 2019 land use map and the East Luwu Regency spatial plan map using ArcGIS 10.3 software. The results showed that there were 36.068,106 Ha of land use that were not in accordance with the regional spatial plan and 32.2056,203 Ha of land use that were in accordance with the regional spatial plan of a total of 358.124,309 Ha planned for protected areas. Most of the land use in the protected area is in accordance with the spatial plan, which is 89.92%, while the land use that is not in accordance with the spatial plan is 10.07%. Factors that influencing land use change in protected areas are population growth, increasing economic needs and lack of socialization to the community.

Spatial planning in Indonesia, both national and regional spatial planning, has become a crucial problem that has developed dynamically in recent years. The urgency of spatial management in human life encourages the existence of statutory regulations to address spatial planning. Spatial planning is an important component in determining the success of a region's development, especially in the context of sustainable development. Rapid regional growth, both in urban and rural areas, has had a positive economic impact, but has also given rise to environmental problems, manifested in increasingly critical environmental conditions and the increasing intensity of natural disasters, partly caused by spatial planning violations. One of the significant impacts of spatial planning violations is flooding in Indonesia, which is often caused by land misuse. Therefore, enforcement of spatial planning laws and regulations closely related to flood management is critical. This study uses a qualitative research approach focusing on literature analysis, government policies, and empirical data related to flood management in Indonesia. Empirical data was obtained through interviews with legal experts, spatial planning experts, and related stakeholders. Deductive methods are used in data analysis to identify patterns and relationships between law enforcement, spatial planning regulations, and flood management. The results of this study show that strict law enforcement, clear spatial regulations, and increasing institutional capacity are the keys to reducing flood risk. With synergy between law enforcement and capacity building, potential flood risks can be minimized while building better community involvement and awareness.

Population and economic growth in the city of Parepare have increased, which has a big impact on land conversion. The City of Parepare Government has published Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2021 regarding the Regional Spatial Plan (RSP) of the City of Parepare 2021–2041 in order to carry out spatial planning. Existing land cannot be used in accordance with RSP regulations after a change in land use. This study aims to find deviations from existing land use in 2022 against the RSP and how to control land use irregularities in Parepare City. The analysis used in this study utilizes a Geographic Information System (GIS) to obtain a map of existing land use in 2022 and an overlay analysis to find land use deviations, and interviews with officials related to land use control in Parepare City. The results of the analysis show that the land use that is following the function of the area in the spatial pattern of the RSP is 6280.23 ha or 69.57% and the land use that deviates from the function of the area in the spatial pattern of the RSP is 2753.28 ha or 30.48%. The issue with its implementation is that many people have exploited or built on the land despite not having the necessary permissions. In an effort to regulate land usage, socialization, monitoring, and the implementation of sanctions have been used; yet, in reality, some people continue to utilize property outside of the RSP.

Land use planning in an area will refer to the regulations that have been established by the City Planning Office of each region. This is because each region has the authority to plan spatial plans in their respective regions. The border area is an area whose land use can be influenced by two different regional regulations. This is because the border area is a special area located on the border between two regions, each of which has spatial planning regulations. Gayungan District is one of the sub-districts included in the Border Area between Surabaya City and Sidoarjo Regency. To prevent overlapping spatial regulations that may occur in Gayungan District, it is necessary to monitor the suitability of land use using geographic information system technology and remote sensing. The data used in this study are the 2019 Gayungan District RDTRK Map and very high resolution satellite imagery of Pleiades Surabaya City 2019. The method used is the Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA) method. The result of this research is the suitability of land use in Gayungan District. A land use can be said to be suitable if the existing land use is in accordance with the land use in the plan. Meanwhile, land use is said to be inappropriate if the existing land use is different from the planned spatial use. All land use classes in Gayungan District in 2019 had a higher percentage of unsuitable land than the percentage of suitable land. Each percentage of land is not suitable for each land use class, namely: water body class by 92.593%, road class by 78.035%, industrial class by 77.838%, defense class by 76.706%, green open space class by 69.736%, and residential class by 52,27%. So it can be said that the land use in Gayungan District in 2019 was not in accordance with the plans in the City Spatial Detail Plan Map for 2018-2038, but the land use could be appropriate in its designation for the future, because there is a possibility of development for residential class, industrial class, and defense class on open land that is still widely available.

In many cases, government institutions lack to consider community areas as a part of their traditional land use in spatial planning policy. The results of numerous investigations into participatory mapping have been insufficiently adopted by Spatial Planning Regulation (SPR). In Indonesia, Spatial Planning Regulation (Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah / RTRW) is an instrument to guide sectors related to land uses both development and protection. Using a case study for the Merauke district of Papua province in Indonesia, we demonstrate how participatory mapping results can be integrated into SPR. To our knowledge, this is the first successful attempt to integrate important community areas into the regulation of district spatial planning. Participatory GIS (PGIS) was used to map important community areas. There are three phases to the process of combining PGIS with Spatial Planning Regulation. The first phase was to develop a shared vision between the communities and district government and commitment from both parties to accept the final mapping results for use in the further planning process. The second was to facilitate the community to conduct the participatory GIS process and the final phase was to integrate the important community areas into the spatial planning regulation at a scale of 1:50.000 by the RTRW of Merauke district. The total area adopted by the RTRW was about 69% of cultural preservation areas under protected areas. The rest of the important community areas merged into land use allocations within both categories of protected areas (22%) and development areas (9%). In this case, 91% of the community areas were secured from other land use purposes for agriculture, mining, forestry and infrastructure. The PGIS approach can be applied to other districts across Indonesia for mapping the community land use practices in Spatial Planning Regulation.

Carry out spatial planning and achieve justice for all parties involved in the spatial planning process. The implementation of spatial planning is carried out based on spatial planning which functions as a reference for spatial utilization activities, including investment activities and issuance of business permits. The product of spatial planning is in the form of spatial plans which are divided into national spatial plans (RTRWN), national strategic area spatial plans (RTR KSN), island, regency/city regional spatial layout plans (RTRW) and detailed spatial planning plans (RDTR ). The purpose of this work is the realization of a Real-Time RDTR application that has minimal errors and the use and utilization of the Real-Time RDTR Application by spatial planning forums and stakeholders related to spatial planning, especially state apparatus in various regions. related theory, practice of using the application, question and answer and also discussion with the participants. .Training This application will help RDTRs that have regional regulations but are not yet integrated with OSS, thus helping spatial planning forums to make confirmation/approval decisions on the conformity of spatial use activities (KKPR) which are still manual, assisting the RDTR revision process and socializing this real time RDTR application so that Spatial planning forums or regional governments are not afraid to use them.

The development strategy within the regulations on Spatial and Regional Planning (Bahasa Indonesia: Rencana Tata Ruang dan Wilayah - RTRW) intersects with social, cultural, and environmental conditions. One impact is the conversion of agricultural land, plantations and forestry into industrial and residential areas. In the context of Banten Province, the regional regulation on Spatial and Regional Planning (Bahasa Indonesia: Peraturan Daerah Rencana Tata Ruang dan Wilayah - Perda RTRW) is considered to have played a major role in the conversion of agricultural land on a large scale in several regions in Banten Province. This study aimed to determine the impact of spatial and regional planning policies in Banten Province on efforts to protect sustainable food agricultural land (Bahasa Indonesia: Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan – LP2B), which is a national priority. The impact evaluation methodology was used to compare the condition of agricultural land before and after the implementation of this regional and spatial planning regulation. This study found a lack of strong commitment to the protection of LP2B, and that the conversion of agricultural land into industrial and residential areas largely occurred in areas that were included in the regional regulation as agricultural designation areas.
 Keywords: policy impact, spatial and regional planning (RTRW), land conversion

Land Consolidation (LC), is the government's solution in land acquisition for development. In addition, LC aims to improve the quality of the environment by rearranging plots of land to be more organized and equipped with environmental infrastructure, as well as land tenure in accordance with land use plans. The location of the land consolidation area in Seminyak Village which is close to the center of government, economy and tourism has implications for land use in the area. The phenomenon of land use that occurs in this region tends to ignore the spatial planning that has been determined by the government. If this condition is left unchecked, there will be more violations of land use that are not in accordance with the spatial allocation, leading to spatial conflicts and clutter in regional spatial planning. This study aims to identify changes in land use in the area of land consolidation in the Seminyak Village and the dominant factors underlying the changes in land use. Qualitative methods are used to identify changes in land use, and these dominant factors. Primary data obtained from observations, direct documentation, and the results of interviews with informants determined by purposive sampling. The results showed that there was a mismatch of land use with the plan for spatial planning in the area designated for settlement and green open space. The dominant factors underlying the changes in land use are law enforcement, then environmental factors, economic factors, and socio-cultural factors. The results of this study can be input for the government in formulating policies relating to planning and controlling the use of space in order to create safe, comfortable and sustainable use of space.
 Index Terms— land consolidation, land use, land use change

Land use in South Lampung Regency continues to experience development, which is influenced by rapid population growth within five years after the planning year began in 2010. Various types of land-use changes that have occurred in South Lampung Regency indicate in the spatial changes of South Lampung Regency, which has been planned especially in the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) of South Lampung Regency for 2011-2031, one of which is the plantation area (belonging to PTPN VII) to become land for ITERA. There are preventive measures that can be made so that the spatial plan can still be following its development objectives. It is necessary to research by evaluating South Lampung Regency's spatial use based on its spatial plan, especially by RTRW. Based on the analysis, there is a deviation of land use in South Lampung Regency with 48.46%, which is divided into spatial structure plans and spatial pattern plans.

West Lombok Regency often experiences floods. The flooding problem requires proper land use planning and management that is also integrated with the regional spatial strategy. However, in reality there are often inconsistencies between regional spatial plans and actual land use. The purpose of this research is to make a map of the distribution of flood-prone areas; to analyse the relationship between land use and spatial pattern plans in flood-prone areas; to analyse the relationship between spatial use patterns in flood-prone areas and existing land use. This research was conducted based on spatial analysis, multicriteria analysis, and descriptive analysis. There are six flood-prone factors used in this study, including rainfall intensity (I), slope (S), land use (U), soil type (ST), distance from drainage network/river (D) and altitude (E). The results of this study indicate that the area in West Lombok Regency based on the potential class of flood vulnerability is dominated by the mildly vulnerable class which is spread across all sub-districts, namely 47,624.24 Ha. (51.80%), not prone is 21,001.92 Ha (22.84%), and ± 25% of the remaining area is divided into medium prone 15,241.75 Ha (16.58%), prone 7,871.98 Ha (8.56%) and very prone 195.79 Ha (0.21%).

Land use is defined as human intervention in natural and human-made resources with the aim of fulfilling spiritual and material needs. Land use is inseparable from the phenomenon of land use change. Boyolali District is certainly not exempt from the phenomenon of land use change. Land use conversion has an impact on the inconsistency between land use and its designated plan. This study aimed to analyze land use changes from 2011 to 2022 and assess the suitability of land use in 2022 with the spatial plan of Boyolali District. This study applied survey and spatial analysis methods. The overlay technique produces maps of land use changes and the suitability of land use in 2022 with the Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW = Regional Spatial Planning) of Boyolali District. The results of the research showed that Kabupaten Boyolali experienced a land use conversion of 210.74 km2. Kecamatan Juwangi had the largest change in land use, covering an area of 30.37 km2, while Kecamatan Banyudono had the smallest change of 1.05 km2. The suitability of land use in 2022 with the Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW = Regional Spatial Planning) of Boyolali District indicates a suitable class covering an area of 797.24 km2, while an unsuitable class covers an area of 297.15 km2.

The Lebak Regency spatial planning plan was prepared based on Lebak Regency Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2014 concerning the Lebak Regency Regional Spatial Plan for 2014-2034 with the aim of creating a highly competitive and sustainable Regency regional space based on agriculture, plantations, tourism and mining. To realize this, spatial planning is needed based on the principles of spatial planning contained in Article 2 of Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning. The research method used is the normative juridical method. The normative juridical method is defined as research on statutory rules, both from the perspective of the statutory hierarchy (vertical) and the harmonious relationship of legislation (horizontal). The purpose of this writing is to find out how the application of spatial planning principles in the Lebak Regency Spatial Planning Plan for Mining Activities in the Mount Liman Area is Reviewed Based on Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning. Based on the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that the regional government has attempted to control spatial planning and supervision of illegal gold mining in Lebak Regency. Regulations for mining activities in Lebak Regency Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2014 concerning Lebak Regency Spatial Planning for 2014-2034. Article 64 paragraph (5) letter c does not allow mining in protected areas. However, there is a discrepancy in the application of spatial planning principles in the 2014-2034 Lebak Regency Regional Spatial Plan, namely consisting of the principle of integration, the principle of harmony, harmony and balance, the principle of sustainability, the principle of efficiency and effectiveness as well as the principle of legal certainty and justice. This is due to the determination of the Cirinten sub-district area as a mining area.