Implementation of Project-Based Learning on Alternative Energy Materials to Enhance Class X Students' Cognitive Learning Outcomes at SMA Negeri 1 Perhentian Raja

This research is a quasi-experimental study that aims to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of Project-based Learning (PjBL) in improving students' cognitive learning outcomes with different learning styles namely visual, audio and kinesthetic learning styles. The population of this study was all groups at X grade in Public High School 1 Bulukumba. Sample of the study was choosed by random sampling. Each learning model was represented by two groups as PjBL and Direct Instruction. The research sample used was group XI IPA 1, XI IPA 2, XI IPA 3, and XI IPA 4. The design of this study was pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design factorial pattern 2 x 3. The research instrument consisted of essay tests to measure cognitive learning outcomes and students learning style questionnaire. The research data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with two-way analysis of covariate (ANCOVA). The results showed that PjBL and learning styles had an effect on students 'cognitive learning outcomes, while the interaction between learning models and learning styles did not affect students' cognitive learning outcomes. This shows that PjBL is effective in improving students' cognitive learning outcomes.Keywords: Project-based Learning, learning styles, cognitive learning outcomes, biology learning

This study investigates the effect of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model on students' cognitive learning outcomes, compared with Problem-Based Learning (PBL), in senior high school biology. The research was motivated by persistently low cognitive achievement and teacher-centred practices observed at SMA Negeri 3 Selong, where many Grade X students scored below the minimum mastery criterion and struggled to construct coherent scientific arguments. A quantitative quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group pretest–posttest design was employed. The population consisted of all Grade X students (N = 84), with purposive sampling used to select two intact classes: X-8 as the experimental group (PjBL; n = 21) and X-7 as the control group (PBL; n = 21). The experimental class engaged in an authentic project constructing aquascapes from recycled jars, while the control class followed PBL-based instruction on the same content. Cognitive learning outcomes (C1–C4) were measured using a multiple-choice and an essay test. Assumption checking using the Shapiro–Wilk and Levene's tests indicated that posttest data met the requirements for parametric analysis. An independent-samples t-test on posttest scores revealed a statistically significant difference between groups (p = 0.001), with the PjBL class outperforming the PBL class by an average of 17.476 points. These findings demonstrate that PjBL has a significant and positive impact on students' cognitive learning outcomes in biology and is more effective than PBL in enhancing lower- and middle-order cognitive processes. The study recommends systematic integration of PjBL in science classrooms and further research with larger, multi-site samples, including additional outcome variables such as motivation, critical thinking, and creativity.

This study aims to describe and explain the differences in science process skills and cognitive learning outcomes between students who learn using Project Based Learning (PjBL) and conventional learning in science subjects. This type of research is a quasi-experiment with the matching pretest-posttest control group design. The population in this study is all grade VIII students of SMPN 1 Marga, Tabanan Regency for the 2022/2023 academic year. Research sampling based on class matching techniques. The research instruments are observation sheets of science process skills and cognitive learning outcomes tests. The data in this study is in the form of students' science process skill scores and cognitive learning outcomes scores which are analyzed based on descriptive analysis and the Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) test. The results showed that: (1) simultaneously there are differences in science process skills and cognitive learning outcomes between students who learn using Project Based Learning (PjBL) and conventional learning in science subjects, (2) there are differences in science process skills between students who learn using Project Based Learning (PjBL) and conventional learning in science subjects, and (3) there are significant differences in cognitive learning outcomes between students who learn using Project Based Learning (PjBL) and conventional learning in science subjects. The group of students who learned using Project Based Learning (PjBL) showed that science process skills and cognitive learning outcomes in science subjects were superior to the group of students who learned with conventional learning.

This research is quasi-experiment research which aims to: 1) Knowing the effect of implementing Project Based Learning toward students' cognitive learning outcomes on the human excretory system material for class XI MIA at SMA Negeri 2 Pangkep. 2) Knowing the effect of implementing Project Based Learning on students' collaborative skills on the human excretory system material for class XI MIA at SMA Negeri 2 Pangkep. This research uses a Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. Samples in this study were class XI MIA Plato and XI MIA Alexander Graham Bell. Data collection techniques were used in the form of learning outcomes tests and collaborative skills questionnaires by conducting observations and documentation. The data were collected by giving a pretest and posttest, which were then analyzed through descriptive and inferential analysis. The hypothesis test using the N-Gain Independent Sample t-Test. The results of this study indicate that: 1) students' cognitive learning outcomes in the experiment class have an average score of 85.17, while the control class is 73.03. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, a significant value was obtained, namely 0.000 < = 0.05. 2) students' collaborative skills in the control class have an average score of 76.66%, while the control class is 59.33. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, a significant value was obtained, namely 0.000 < = 0.05. By looking at the results of hypothesis testing, Project Based Learning affects students' cognitive learning outcomes and collaborative skills of class XI at SMA Negeri 2 Pangkep

This study aimed to implement Project-Based Learning (PBL) through environmental observation to enhance the creativity and cognitive learning outcomes of first-grade students at SDN Sondakan, Surakarta. This Classroom Action Research (CAR) involved 6 students from the first-grade A phase in the 2024/2025 academic year. The research method involved planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data was collected through tests and observations. Qualitative descriptive analysis was used to measure cognitive learning outcomes (written summative tests, project performance success), creativity outcomes, and the learning process (success of implementing the Project-Based Learning model). The results showed a significant increase in students' creativity, producing original ideas (from 79% to 83%), creating original works and actions (from 77% to 81%), and demonstrating flexibility in thinking to find alternative solutions to problems (from 71% to 75%). Cognitive learning outcomes measured through written summative tests in the "Proficient" aspect increased by 100%, from 33.33% to 66.67%. Additionally, cognitive learning outcomes in terms of products or projects showed a 100% increase in the "Proficient" aspect and a 33.34% increase in the "Competent" aspect. The implementation of Project-Based Learning through environmental observation showed an improvement in all stages of the learning model syntax. The "Determining Essential Questions" stage increased by 3.1%, "Designing Project Plans" increased by 3.2%, "Developing" increased by 5.3%, "Monitoring Students and Project Progress" increased by 8.9%, and "Testing Results" increased by 5.3%. Recommendations include strengthening the improvement of learning strategies, enhancing creativity, and evaluating the curriculum to achieve comprehensive student learning outcomes across various domains.

This study aims to develop an educational dance learning model for basic education with a model called ICOSRIE. The method used was research and development. This research was conducted in small-scale and large-scale trials. In developing this model, the test was carried out twice, namely the pre-test and the post-test (before and after being given treatment). The stages carried out in the trial include: (1) conducting a pre-test to measure the initial ability of college students about educational dance courses for kindergarten and elementary school using instruments that have been tested, (2) providing treatment of the ICOSRIE learning model in Educational Dance Courses for Kindergarten and Elementary School, (3) holding a post-test to measure the ability of college students after being treated. Based on statistical calculations, the average cognitive pre-test learning outcomes in large group trials were 39.82, mode 12, median 40, standard deviation 4.02, and variance 16.18. While the average cognitive post-test learning outcomes in large group trials were 80.01, mode 24, median 81.66, standard deviation 4.81, and variance 23.14. Histograms of pre-test and post-test cognitive learning outcomes were obtained in large group trials. Based on statistical calculations, the average value of cognitive pre-test learning outcomes in small group trials was 33.66, mode 50, median 35, standard deviation 14.69, and variance 219.92. Meanwhile, the average cognitive post-test learning outcomes in small group trials were 71.33, mode 80, median 71.66, standard deviation 8.04, and variance 64.70. The average difference in small-group cognitive learning outcomes among students during the pre-test was 10, with a standard deviation of 4,408. While the average cognitive learning outcomes of students during the post-test were 21.10 with a standard deviation of 2,025. The results of the statistical test obtained a p-value of 0.001, asserting that it can be concluded that there are small group cognitive learning outcomes in students during the pre-test and post-test after being given the ICOSRIE learning model. The average difference in cognitive learning outcomes of large groups of students during the pre-test was 11.95, with a standard deviation of 1,207. Meanwhile, the average cognitive learning outcomes of students during the post-test were 24.61 with a standard deviation of 1,443. The results of the statistical test obtained a p-value of 0.001, asserting that there are cognitive learning outcomes in large groups of students during the pre-test and post-test after being given the ICOSRIE learning model.

This research aims to determine the effect of kits renewable energy projects by implementing a project-based learning model on students' lower order thinking skills (LOTS) and higher order thinking skills (HOTS). The research method used was quasi-experimental with a nonequivalent posttest only control group design. The population in this study was 198 students. Samples were taken randomly from a population that had passed the normality test and homogeneity test. This research uses a cognitive learning outcomes test instrument in the form of multiple choices. The research results show that there is no significant difference in cognitive learning outcomes in the LOTS category between students in classes that apply project-based learning on renewable energy material and classes that apply conventional learning on renewable energy material, sig. 0.127 ≥ 0.05, using the Mann Whitney test. Meanwhile, the results of hypothesis testing for cognitive learning outcomes in the HOTS category using the independent sample t-test obtained a sig (2-tailed) value of 0.000 ≤ 0.05, which means there is a significant difference in students' cognitive learning outcomes. between classes that apply project-based learning to renewable energy material and classes that apply conventional learning to renewable energy material. These results indicate that project-based learning can produce student learning in the HOTS category, but has no effect on increasing students' cognitive abilities

Education is essential and a right for all Indonesian citizens. The quality of education is seen in student learning outcomes. Based on observations at SMP N 1 Talun, as many as 85.3% of students' cognitive learning outcomes still need to be completed, and learning activities after the COVID-19 pandemic have yet to carry out learning activities that can hone students' psychomotor abilities. The use of teaching materials is also only based on printed package books. Therefore, it is necessary to develop teaching materials to train students' cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes. Research & Development (R&D) research conducted using the 4D model. This study aims to determine the characteristics and validity of hypercontent e-modules with a STEM approach and the profile of students' cognitive learning outcomes and psychomotor learning outcomes after using e-modules. The average material and media validation results were 95.4% and 97.2%, which received very valid criteria. The cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes profile shows that 76% and 79% of students get a complete score. Based on these results, hypercontent e-modules with a STEM approach are declared very valid and can train students' cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes.

STEAM learning is one of the learning innovations that can be applied because it is able to develop 21st century skills. Based on this, the learning models that can be combined with the STEAM approach are project based learning (PjBL) and problem based learning (PBL). The aim of this research is to determine the influence of the PjBL STEAM learning model on cognitive, creative thinking and critical thinking learning outcomes and the influence of the PBL STEAM learning model on cognitive, creative thinking and critical thinking learning outcomes of junior high school students in Tanimbar district. This type of research is quasi-experimental research. The population is all students of SMP Negeri 1 Tanimbar Selatan, SMP Negeri 2 Tanimbar Selatan and SMP Negeri 1 Tanimbar Utara in the even semester of the 2023/2024 academic year with the sample being class VII. Data analysis usingAncova and continued with the LSD test with the help of SPSS Version 27. The research results show thatThere is influencePjBL STEAM learning model on the cognitive, creative thinking and critical thinking learning outcomes of junior high school students in the Tanimbar Islands Regency with a sig value < 0.05 and there is an influence of the PBL STEAM learning model on the cognitive, creative thinking and critical thinking learning outcomes of junior high school students in the Tanimbar Islands Regency with a value sig < 0.05

Introduction. The implementation of project-based learning into programs of advanced professional education is one of the most relevant areas of development in the modern education system. Project-based learning significantly increases the efficiency of the educational process and the interest of students in the subjects studied and contributes to the development of their leadership qualities. The acquired skills can be successfully applied to professional activities. The article examines the successful implementation of project-based learning using the example of a military medical educational organization and determines positive aspects that can be used in other education sectors. The purpose of the study was to identify the advantages and disadvantages of project-based learning in comparison to traditional forms of education. Materials and methods. In the study, methods of sociological research were used. Students engaged in traditional and project-based learning were asked to fill out questionnaires. Then, a comparative content analysis was performed. Statistical processing and analysis of the data obtained were carried out. Results and discussion. The study of students' satisfaction with traditional and project-based learning showed that the second group had better motivation, higher interest in the subject, and a higher level of academic performance. The average academic performance score in the project-based groups was 4.8, while in the group of traditional education it was only 4.2. Conclusion. The implementation of project-based learning in academic departments is aimed at increasing students’ professional competencies, acquiring and improving additional professional skills, and creating and implementing innovative schemes that can be used later in a medical organization as independent projects. Project-based learning is more effective than traditional learning in terms of critical thinking, communication and organizational skills, and teamwork experience. The practice of analytical, strategic, and planning skills as a team is an important skill difficult to acquire in traditional training.

This study aims to describe the effect of the Bamboo Dancing learning model assisted by Wordwall media on the cognitive learning outcomes of fifth-grade students. This research employed a quantitative experimental method with a quasi-experimental design. The population consisted of all fifth-grade students, totaling 42 students, and the sample was determined using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected using test and non-test techniques. The test instrument was an essay-type cognitive learning outcome test consisting of five questions on the “food chain” topic, while the non-test instrument was a student activity observation sheet. Data were analyzed using the independent sample t-test, effect size calculation, and percentage of student activity. The results showed that: (1) there was a significant difference in students’ cognitive learning outcomes between the class using the Bamboo Dancing model assisted by Wordwall and the class using direct instruction, with a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.002 < 0.05; (2) the Bamboo Dancing model assisted by Wordwall had a strong effect on students’ cognitive learning outcomes, with an effect size of 1.035 (high category); and (3) student activity during learning reached 82.14%, categorized as very active. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Bamboo Dancing model assisted by Wordwall positively influences students’ cognitive science learning outcomes in fifth grade.

The aims of this study are : (1) determine the improvement of students' critical thinking skills in excretory system learning using PBL-based E-LKPD, (2) determine the increase in students' cognitive learning outcomes in excretory system learning using PBL-based E-LKPD, and (3) know the learning activities of students in learning the excretory system using PBL-based E-LKPD. This research is a Quasi Experiment research using a Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. The population in this study were all students of class XI IPA SMA N 2 Sragen. The sampling method is a purposive sampling; the research sample is students of class XI IPA 3, XI IPA 4, and XI IPA 5. The variables in this study consist of the independent variable, namely PBL-based E-LKPD, and the dependent variable is critical thinking ability and learning outcomes for cognitive learners. Data collection methods in this study were tests, observations, and questionnaires. The data in this study are the test scores for critical thinking skills, test scores for cognitive learning outcomes, the implementation of student activities, the implementation of learning, and student responses to learning. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis (%) and hypothesis testing using the Independent Sample T-Test and Mann-Whitney U tests. The results of hypothesis testing the N-gain score on both variables show Sig. (2-tailed) <0.05, meaning that there is a difference in the improvement of critical thinking skills and students' cognitive learning outcomes between the experimental and control classes. Implementing student learning activities in the experimental class gave higher results than in the control class. The implementation of learning in each meeting reached a percentage of 85% with very good criteria. The response of students in the category of strongly agree and agree reached a percentage of 89.1%. The conclusions of this study are (1) increasing students' critical thinking skills in excretory system learning using PBL-based E-LKPD reaching the high category, (2) increasing students' cognitive learning outcomes in excretory system learning using PBL-based E-LKPD reaching high categories, and (3) the activities of students in learning the excretory system using PBL-based E-LKPD reached the very active category.

The purpose of this study was to discover the existence of cognitive and affective learning outcomes of students using Project Based Learning (PBL) - based STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics) with scientific learning with inquiry learning models. The type of research was a quasi experimental design. Data were collected by means of test analysis, observation, interviews, and documentation from all fifth grade students of primary school. Data analysis used t-test technique. To discover the effect of PBL-based STEAM approach on cognitive learning outcomes obtained from the pretest-posttest results, while affective learning outcomes were obtained through observation using the measurement data scale in the rubric.The results showed that there were significant differences between the experimental class and the control class on cognitive learning outcomes, however, there were differences in affective learning outcomes. It is expected to strengthen the results of the discussion in the long term to strengthen cognitive and affective learning outcomes.

The inquiry learning model (IBL) has been explored in many fields of science. Therefore, this research shows the exploration of IBL assisted by Macromedia flash in improving cognitive science learning outcomes for elementary school students. This study aimed to determine the effect of Macromedia flash-assisted IBL on students' cognitive learning outcomes. This quasi-experimental research with a nonequivalent control group design used a sample of 66 students consisting of 33 students in the experimental group and 33 students in the control group. The data collection technique was carried out through tests, using test questions validated by experts and tested for feasibility. Hypothesis testing by the ANCOVA test analysis using the SPSS Statistics 23 program on the pretests obtained a sig value. (2-tailed) > which is 0.000 <0.05, then H0 is rejected, and Ha is accepted. It means that there is an influence of the learning model on cognitive learning outcomes. The results of the LSD test showed that the IBL model assisted by Macromedia flash was significantly different in cognitive learning outcomes compared to the conventional model. Thus, IBL Macromedia flash assistance can be recommended for improving students' cognitive learning outcomes.

<p class="abstract"><span>This research aimed to investigate the effect of project-based learning (PjBL), predict-observe-explain (POE), and predict-observe-explain based project (POEP) on metacognitive awareness and cognitive learning outcomes in biology learning. The research used a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. The experiment was conducted from August to December 2020. The metacognitive awareness questionnaire was applied to measure students’ metacognitive awareness. Besides, an essay test was used to assess cognitive learning outcomes. Data collection in this study was carried out using Google Form, Google Classroom, Google Meet, and WhatsApp. Data analysis using statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) version 23 software. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) results analysis showed that PjBL, POE, and POEP affected students’ metacognitive awareness and cognitive learning outcomes in biology learning with a value of p<0.005. The least significant different (LSD) result was significantly different in improving students’ metacognitive awareness and cognitive learning outcomes. The POEP class gained the highest posttest score. Therefore, POEP could be applicable to improve students’ metacognitive awareness and cognitive learning outcomes in Biology learning.</span></p>