Implementation of blockchain technology in agriculture: fashionable trends or requirements of the modern economy

Blockchain technology has gained attention as a potential solution for improving data security, privacy, and interoperability in various industries, including healthcare. In the field of dentistry, the implementation of blockchain holds promise for transforming dental practice and management. However, a comprehensive evaluation of the existing literature regarding the implementation of blockchain technology in dental practice is lacking. This systematic review aimed to assess the current evidence on the implementation of blockchain technology in dental practice and management. A systematic literature search was conducted using major databases to identify relevant studies. The search strategy included keywords related to blockchain technology and dentistry. The investigation was performed as per the PRISMA guidelines. Studies reporting on the implementation, adoption, and outcomes of blockchain technology in dental practice and management were included. Quality assessment and data extraction were performed following predefined criteria. The initial search yielded a multitude of articles, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, six studies were included in the systematic review. The studies explored various aspects of blockchain technology implementation in dental practice, including data security, interoperability, supply chain management, and patient consent management. Furthermore, the use of blockchain-based systems showed potential benefits in enhancing supply chain management efficiency and patient consent authentication. This systematic review provided insights into the current state of blockchain technology implementation in dental practice and management. The findings suggested that blockchain technology has the potential to enhance data security, privacy, and interoperability in dental practices. However, further research and real-world implementation studies are needed to fully understand the impact of blockchain technology on dental practice and to address the existing challenges.

Purpose: The main objective of this research is to highlight the managerial and organizational implications for businesses resulting from the implementation of blockchain logic and technologies. The functionalities of blockchain technologies are compared with the traditional approach to supply chain management to emphasize the impact they can have on managing intra-supply chain relationships and the organizational structure of companies involved in supply channels. Design/methodology/approach: To conduct this study, a conceptual study was carried out, starting from an analysis of the main characteristics of blockchain technologies, to build an AS-IS scenario compared with the TO-BE scenario resulting from the implementation of these technologies within supply chains. To conduct this study, conceptual categories of the viable system approach and process management perspective were utilized. The conceptual analysis was performed using a matrix representation, which correlates material, informational, and financial flows with the dimensions of traceability, transparency, and efficiency, before and after the implementation of blockchains in managing supply chain transactions. Findings: The study highlighted how the principles underlying blockchain can lead to overcoming the traditional indispensable search for trust among supply chain operators. Therefore, through these results, it is possible to hypothesize an improvement in the resilience conditions of companies operating in block–supply chains. Originality/value: This study contributes to investigating the relationship between blockchain and operational consonance among operators in managing interorganizational processes to improve conditions of efficiency, traceability, and transparency, which are functional in the resilience of companies involved in the supply chain compared to the changing dynamics of the context. Research implications: Trustless logic in the implementation of blockchain technologies leads to the configuration of a new concept of trust, connected to the entire supply chain system, as a result of the improvement in the security, visibility, and efficiency conditions of transactions. The increased visibility and transparency developed in block–supply chains prompt all actors involved in the supply chains to rethink information management, given the reduction in informational asymmetries and, thus, the optimization of transaction costs.

This document summarizes research supporting the implementation of blockchain technology in the food and agriculture industry in Ontario. First, our research indicates that blockchain technology based solutions are an existing and proven set of technologies, where it has already been proven that the source of food items can be identified in seconds where previous processes required days and weeks of effort. Second, we also describe how blockchain based supply chain provenance information has many more benefits than its current use for food safety and product recalls. Consumers are willing to pay premium prices for food based on reliable supply chain information that matches the consumers expectations and values. Costs related to blockchain technology based solution development and implementation will be relatively small in comparison to revenues generated through increased market share by organizations providing useful information to consumers, and other stakeholders in the food supply chain. Third, we recommend that costs for development of blockchain based solutions should also be distributed across stakeholders, and apportioned by the relevant industry associations. Implementation of smart contracts can be used to guarantee a pre-arranged distribution of revenues and costs across stakeholders across the food supply chain. A consortium approach will reduce individual organization related risks, and will ensure that complete end to end supply chains participate in blockchain based technology solutions. Our research indicates that adoption of blockchain technology in agriculture will be achieve critical mass earlier when the industry applies a consortium approach, in a regulatory environment that is supported by government. Finally, this report also makes recommendations relevant to the integration of blockchain technology with per item labelling, one of the core competencies and strengths of the project partner, Accu-Label Inc. Instead of each organization attempting to navigate their own path through the different choices in technologies, we recommend a consortium approach where a blockchain technology based solution is selected and implemented through existing industry associations. Industry associations by design address the needs of their members, and therefore have a built-in relationship of trust with their members. This preexisting trust between industry associations and their members will enable pre-arranged distribution of costs and revenues related to implementation of blockchain technology between different stakeholders. Industry associations can pilot simpler low cost blockchain based solutions to reduce the risks developing more complex and expensive solutions. Blockchain based smart contracts provide an additional layer of assurance by pre-defining conditions of revenue/cost distribution, and automating the process. Summary of Recommendations: 1. Pilot different blockchain technologies to determine the best fit for the industry and organization. 2. Determine information that is of value to stakeholders in the supply chain, such as end consumers, and that they are willing to pay for. 3. Distribute the costs of blockchain technology development across different stakeholders in a consortium approach through industry associations. 4. Ensure that a robust mechanism exists to bridge information flows with physical food product flows.

В данной статье рассматривается использование блокчейн-технологий в управлении цепочками поставок и оценивается их воздействие на прозрачность и эффективность бизнес-операций. В последние годы блокчейн стал одним из наиболее обсуждаемых инновационных решений в области цифровых технологий. Его способность обеспечивать прозрачность и надежность данных открывает новые перспективы для улучшения управления цепочками поставок. Основной целью данного исследования является анализ того, как внедрение блокчейн-технологий может оптимизировать процессы и повысить доверие между участниками цепочки поставок. Для достижения поставленных целей использовались как качественные, так и количественные методы исследования. На первом этапе была проведена детализация понятия блокчейн и его ключевых характеристик, важных для цепочек поставок. Затем посредством опросов и интервью с представителями компаний, использующими блокчейн, собраны эмпирические данные. На заключительном этапе выполнена статистическая обработка информации и построение моделей для оценки влияния блокчейн-технологий на эффективность цепочек поставок. Результаты исследования показали, что применение блокчейн-технологий в управлении цепочками поставок приводит к значительному повышению прозрачности процессов. Среди положительных аспектов отмечены улучшение отслеживаемости товаров, сокращение времени на проверку достоверности данных и снижение риска мошенничества. Кроме того, блокчейн обеспечивает более эффективное управление контрактами и соглашениями, что способствует уменьшению количества конфликтных ситуаций между партнерами. Количественный анализ продемонстрировал, что компании, внедрившие блокчейн, показывают увеличение производительности и снижение операционных затрат. Полученные данные подтверждают гипотезу о том, что блокчейн-технологии могут значительно повысить эффективность и прозрачность управления цепочками поставок. Однако исследование также выявило ряд проблем и ограничений, связанных с внедрением этой технологии, таких как высокая стоимость начальных инвестиций и необходимость обновления инфраструктуры. Важным фактором успеха является также готовность партнерских компаний к сотрудничеству и адаптации под новые условия. Внедрение блокчейн-технологий в управление цепочками поставок имеет потенциал существенно улучшить прозрачность и эффективность бизнес-операций. Исследование показывает, что блокчейн-системы способны обеспечить высокий уровень доверия и оптимизацию процессов, что, в свою очередь, может привести к конкурентным преимуществам для компаний. Однако для достижения этих результатов необходимо учитывать различные вызовы и тщательно планировать процесс интеграции. This article examines the use of blockchain technologies in supply chain management and evaluates their impact on the transparency and efficiency of business operations. In recent years, blockchain has become one of the most discussed innovative solutions in the field of digital technologies. Its ability to ensure data transparency and reliability opens up new perspectives for improving supply chain management. The main goal of this study is to analyze how the implementation of blockchain technologies can optimize processes and increase trust among supply chain participants. To achieve these goals, both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. In the first stage, the concept of blockchain and its key characteristics important for supply chains were detailed. Then, empirical data were collected through surveys and interviews with representatives of companies using blockchain. In the final stage, statistical processing of the information and the construction of models to assess the impact of blockchain technologies on the efficiency of supply chains were carried out. The results of the study showed that the application of blockchain technologies in supply chain management leads to a significant increase in process transparency. Positive aspects include improved traceability of goods, reduced time for data verification, and reduced risk of fraud. Additionally, blockchain ensures more efficient management of contracts and agreements, which helps reduce the number of conflict situations between partners. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that companies that have implemented blockchain show increased productivity and reduced operating costs. The obtained data confirm the hypothesis that blockchain technologies can significantly increase the efficiency and transparency of supply chain management. However, the study also revealed a number of problems and limitations associated with the implementation of this technology, such as the high cost of initial investments and the need to update infrastructure. An important success factor is also the readiness of partner companies to cooperate and adapt to new conditions. The implementation of blockchain technologies in supply chain management has the potential to significantly improve the transparency and efficiency of business operations. The study shows that blockchain systems can provide a high level of trust and process optimization, which, in turn, can lead to competitive advantages for companies. However, to achieve these results, it is necessary to consider various challenges and carefully plan the integration process.

Purpose. To analyze the basic principles of blockchain technology implementation, highlighting the algorithms for reaching consensus in the blockchain network to ensure its reliability; to identify key problems in the implementation of such technology and suggest ways to overcome them; to perform a systematic analysis of the blockchain technology contradictions and suggest ways to eliminate them. Methodology. The research used the basics of economic analysis of economic entities to compare their managements centralized and decentralized models. This approach showed that another wave of transformation of business and social models has unfolded in recent years, caused by the next-generation digital technologies involving the economys transition to the digital area. Revealing the blockchain technology mechanisms is based on modern databases and peer-to-peer computer networks, covering in detail the main means of contradictions, application, and implementation of blockchain technology. Findings. The main results of these studies are obtained in the digital economy. The paper shows that digital technologies open up a wide range of opportunities for different sectors of the economy. The research highlights the features and principles of distributed registry technology (Blockchain) applications. It is shown that as a decentralized data registry, blockchain technology is the most discussed and relevant topic in the digital economy. Originality. The paper further developed the main component of the digital economy, which is progressing most intensively, the distributed ledger technology (Blockchain). The paper analyzed its strengths, such as cost reduction, increased security, and transparency of transactions that attracted the attention of various sectors of the economy. The authors approach for eliminating the revealed mechanisms of contradictions, application, and implementation of blockchain technology is presented. The definition of the digital economy, digital technologies in the economy, and end-to-end digital technologies have been improved to clarify the understanding of the economic management decentralization problems. That showed that the digital economy has several subtleties associated with insufficient research and comprehension of technical implementation and flexibility. Practical value. The research results will be useful for expanding ideas about the blockchain technology implementation in different sectors of the economy, accompanied by lower costs, increased security and transparency of economic entities, and improving their economic efficiency and development in digital technologies application. The blockchain technologies implantation at the enterprises of the mining and metallurgical industry allows making the production and sales of products more efficient and transparent, and at the same time significantly reduces the human factor.

The Insurance industry participates in various processes that are characterized by data exchange, which is modified or updated by many parties. Hence, the insurance industry can benefit from the adoption of blockchain technology. However, there is a lack of understanding of the technology, the legal implications and the issues in implementing the technology. This paper aims at finding potential opportunities for the insurance sector on the implementation of blockchain technology. It also discusses issues and concerns for insurance companies wanting to adopt block chain technologies. A search was carried out for relevant electronic bibliographic databases (searched by means of keywords), articles published in scientific journals, websites of consultancy firms and blockchain developers, and reference lists of relevant review articles. Articles were screened and eligibility was based on participants, procedures, interventions comparisons, outcomes (PICO) model and criteria for PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews). A total of 23 papers were finalized after scrutiny for this study whereby the results disclose that blockchain, as a single source of reality, has the potential to improve productivity and mitigate the complexity of the insurance processes. Examples of real-world applications and insurance use cases are presented to demonstrate the strengths & capabilities of the technology. This study also considers the present-day issues, risks and concerns in the implementation of the blockchain technology. Finally, the challenges and obstacles in the application of Blockchain technology in the Insurance Sector is highlighted and presented.

Payments under a letter of credit are one of the forms of non-cash transactions, which is designed to meet the concerns of both the payer and the recipient of funds. Such obligations make it possible not only to perform quick payments, but also to obtain guarantee of the transfer of goods, construction or services. The advantages of this form of transactions can also be used in the implementation of blockchain technology and smart contracts, however, it requires adequate legal regulation. The aim of this publication is to consider the prospects for normative improvement of Russian legal norms in terms of regulation of both the letter of credit form of transaction and the use of information and Internet technologies in its implementation. The study conducted a comparative analysis of the subject composition and content of the “classic” letter of credit in international transactions and the initial Russian experience in the implementation of a letter of credit on the blockchain platform and the use of smart contracts. This approach, including consideration of the legislation of Russia and other countries, became the basis for the conclusion that the world community and the Russian legislator are at the initial stage of understanding this kind of public relations. In this regard, it is necessary to create unified international agreements in this area, agreed by the states among themselves, and harmonized with international standards of national law.

The blockchain technology has been in the limelight with the emergence of bitcoin and since then it is attracting huge interest and investment across industries. The blockchain technology is a decentralized and a distributed-leger technology in which all the information or transactions are digitally stored in a secure environment across different locations and people. The petroleum industry is not far behind in adopting the blockchain technology due to its cost benefits, security, and transparency it brings to the whole system. Various projects successfully implemented in the petroleum industry based on the blockchain technology are trading platform, smart contract management, royalty transactions, etc. The implementation of blockchain technology in petroleum industry is still at a nascent stage but it has the potential to completely transform and disrupt the petroleum industry. This paper review the characteristic features, merits and demerits of different types of blockchain, the design principle of any blockchain technology, potential application and various use cases of blockchain technology in petroleum industry.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an extensive examination and analysis of the current literature on the use of blockchain technology in courts. The paper aims to explore the potential benefits of implementing blockchain technology in courts, such as increasing transparency and accountability, improving the efficiency of court procedures and enhancing the security of court records. Additionally, the paper intends to identify the challenges and limitations of using blockchain technology in courts and propose potential solutions to overcome these obstacles. The ultimate goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential applications and implications of blockchain technology in the context of the court system.Design/methodology/approachThe research design of this study is qualitative, involving a thorough examination and analysis of existing literature on the use of blockchain technology in courts. The data collection procedure involves gathering information from various sources, such as academic publications, official reports and other relevant records. Data analysis is conducted using a thematic analysis approach, which identifies and categorizes recurring themes that emerge from the data. This approach ensures that the results are credible, dependable and accurate representations of the experiences of the participants. By using these methodologies, the study is able to draw meaningful conclusions and insights into the use of blockchain technology in courts.FindingsThe major findings of this paper suggest that the implementation of blockchain technology in courts has the potential to bring significant benefits such as increased transparency, efficiency and security. The use of blockchain technology in courts can enable the creation of tamper-proof records that are immutable, secure and transparent, which can help prevent fraud, reduce costs and enhance trust in the judicial system. However, adopting this technology also poses challenges and limitations, such as interoperability, governance and scalability. Overall, the paper concludes that while there are challenges to be addressed, the benefits of blockchain technology in courts are significant and should be explored further.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has several limitations that need to be taken into account. Firstly, the availability of data on blockchain implementation in the court system is limited, making it challenging to provide a comprehensive analysis of the topic. Thus, the study’s findings may not be generalizable to other contexts. Secondly, the study takes a technology-centric approach and does not consider blockchain technology’s social and legal implications in court operations. Thirdly, the case studies presented in this paper are limited to a few countries. Moreover, the implementation of blockchain technology in the court system is still in its early stages and lacks standardization, technical expertise and regulatory frameworks. Lastly, uncertainty around the legal framework may hinder its widespread adoption and use.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of this study suggest that the use of blockchain technology in courts has the potential to improve efficiency, security, transparency and accountability in the court system. It can reduce the risk of data tampering, expedite case resolution and lower the cost of legal proceedings. Therefore, this study provides a framework for courts to consider blockchain technology’s potential benefits and explore its future adoption.Social implicationsThe social implications of this study are significant, as the adoption of blockchain technology in the court system can have a profound impact on society. Firstly, by increasing transparency and accountability, blockchain technology can promote public trust in the court system and improve access to justice, particularly for disadvantaged communities (Liu et al., 2020). Secondly, blockchain technology can reduce the reliance on intermediaries, such as lawyers, and streamline the case management process, making legal services more accessible and affordable for the general public (Khurana, 2020). Finally, the use of blockchain technology can create a more secure and efficient court system, enhancing the overall effectiveness of the judicial system and promoting public confidence.Originality/valueThis study provides an original contribution to the literature by exploring the use of blockchain technology in courts from a qualitative research design perspective. While there are a growing number of studies on the potential applications of blockchain technology in various fields, this study provides a comprehensive examination of the current literature on the use of blockchain in courts, identifying the benefits and limitations of its implementation. The study’s focus on the strengths and limitations of blockchain technology and its implications in court adds to the originality of this research.

INTRODUCTION: Communication and information exchange are of great importance in order to coordinate crisis management in an emergency and rescue processes. Therefore, the attainment of a strong, complete, and stable communication infrastructure will be among the vital factors for providing an appropriate response to emergencies. The use of new technologies that seem to ensure reliable communication and information exchange must be constantly evaluates. METHODS: This review study searched articles published from 2000 to 2021 in Persian and English regarding blockchain technology applications in such databases as Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed using keywords, including rescue, blockchain, and crisis management. FINDINGS: Accurate and optimal presentation of information is an essential prerequisite for crisis management in response to disasters due to the significant impact of each role-maker's decisions. Innovative blockchain technology is extensively used in various fields and is usually well-known and popular for its decentralized and distributed organization and leadership. CONCLUSION: In general, blockchain technologies have shown success in reducing logistics, support, executive, and management costs in different areas. Crisis management in emergencies and disaster response can be significantly improved by the implementation of blockchain technologies. In addition, studies show that the implementation of blockchain technology in crisis management during an emergency and rescue processes is very complex and requires a great deal of cooperation from all parties. However, it will be effective in practice.

The implementation of blockchain techniques in extensive building work undertakings has encountered multiple obstacles. The barriers encompass a variety of areas including technical, functional, economic, social, and standardization concerns. Notwithstanding the growing recognition of the prospective advantages of blockchain technology among the building industry, there exists a paucity of the literature that delves into the obstacles of implementing blockchain technology in extensive building undertakings. The purpose of this study is to check the difficulties attached with the implementation of blockchain technology in extensive building undertakings. This research study uses a mixed‐method technique that combines structural equation modelling (SEM) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to assess the data gathered from a survey of construction industry experts. The conclusions of this research study recommend that the implementation of blockchain technology in large‐scale building projects is significantly impacted by various barriers, including procedural, technical, functional, standardization, social, and economic factors. This research study reveals that the primary obstacles to standardization, technical integration, and functional implementation are the absence of established norms, barriers to assimilating with current systems, and restricted utilization scenarios, respectively. Furthermore, this research study has revealed that the primary, social, and economic hurdles for implementation of blockchain technology in extensive building projects are stakeholders’ reluctance to change, disputes over ownership, and the challenge of demonstrating a definitive return on investment. The study’s implications indicate that the building industry should establish a uniform methodology for implementing blockchain technology that effectively tackles the barriers brought to light in this study. This study’s results provide great views to different stakeholders in the building industry, such as construction managers, investors, and regulators, regarding the difficulties involved in implementing blockchain technology in extensive building projects. The research implications underscore the necessity for a standardized approach to implement blockchain technology in large‐scale construction projects. This insight is crucial for construction professionals, investors, and regulators, informing strategic decisions to overcome identified barriers and facilitate the seamless integration of blockchain, thereby enhancing efficiency and transparency in the industry.

Relevance of the problem. Complexity in the global supply chain increase the risks that enterprises are exposed to, including logistics. Purpose of the article. The article analyzes the corporate management risks of logistics enterprises. Methods. The article used the method of statistical groupings and statistical tables, the game theory method, the matrix game method. Main results. The study substantiates an algorithm for the analysis of corporate management risks of using blockchain technologies in the activities of logistics companies when concluding smart contracts, certifying new types of transportation, and integrating cryptocurrency for delivery payments. Examples of choosing an economic strategy for managing the risks of a logistics company using the criteria of maximax, Laplace, Wald, Savage, Bayesian, Hurwicz were elaborated. Referring to the relevant calculations, it was determined that the most often recommended strategy was “the certification of new types of logistics services”. It was determined that this strategy will contribute to minimizing the logistics company's risks associated with the implementation of blockchain technology through ensuring the competitive position through innovation. Practical relevance. The findings can be useful for managers of logistics companies in practical implementation and use of blockchain technologies as well as in risk management. It is expedient to focus the further research prospects onto the integration of blockchain technology with modern logistics companies’ ERP systems in the further developing the Logistics 4.0 concept.

Blockchain and decentralized ledger gained fame because of its financial application bitcoin, but after exploring, researchers have found it has a wide range of different application areas beyond cryptocurrencies. This technology is all set to extremely transform various industries, such as law, banking, healthcare and real estate. One hardly explored sector that blockchain technology has the potential to transform completely is the Indian agriculture sector. More prominently, it has a large number of challenges that need to be overcome soon. Blockchain technology can help to transform Indian agriculture sector in many different ways. This chapter provides the current status of the Indian agriculture sector and proposes an architecture of how to use blockchain technology to transform this sector. The authors also present the limitations and challenges faced during the implementation of blockchain technology in agriculture along with its advantages. In the end, the authors list some areas in agriculture where blockchain technology can be used.

PurposeStudies show that the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) technologies can be used to transform the built environment sector in the 21st century. Blockchain technology has been identified as one of the drivers of 4IR that could be a channel of innovation in the built environment. Studies concerning the application of blockchain technology in Nigeria’s built environment are scarce. Thus, this study aims to investigate the relevance of blockchain technology to the Nigerian built environment professionals (BEP) in the 21st century and proffer ways to promote the applications in the sector.Design/methodology/approachGiven the unexplored nature of the issue in Nigeria’s context, 20 semi-structured virtual interviews were conducted across Lagos and Abuja cities. The participants were knowledgeable in construction-related information technology, from construction contracting firms and construction consulting firms, academicians in construction consultancy and internet and communication technology experts. The collated data were coded, analysed and presented in themes via a thematic approach.FindingsAutomating construction progress payments in smart contracts, financial management and supply chain management reduces transaction costs emerged as the key areas where blockchain technology can benefit the Nigerian BEP if well implemented. Others are blockchain-based BIM and prevents forgery and alteration of data, contract management and blockchain-based building information modelling (BIM). Blockchain technology applications are not without some hindrances. The 22 perceived hindrances were government, employer and employee related in Nigeria’s built environment.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is restricted to the relevance and encumbrances facing the applications of blockchain technology in Nigeria’s built environment. Also, this study proffers policy solutions to promote the application of blockchain technology in the built environment via a qualitative method. Future study becomes pertinent to explore other components of the 4IR and their relevance within Nigeria’s built environment.Practical implicationsResults from this paper will strengthen and offer a rich insight into the relevance of blockchain technology in the Nigerian built environment. Other developing nations with similar challenges may consider the recommendations from this study. This study will contribute towards stirring the parties to create a good platform and supporting policies to promote the applications and implementation of blockchain technology across the industry.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the few papers that attempted to uncover issues that hinder blockchain technology applications in the Nigerian built environment via a qualitative approach and proffer feasible solutions from the practitioners’ perspective.

The implementation of blockchain technology in E-commerce has become an increasingly important topic in recent years. Blockchain can bring big changes in the E-commerce industry, especially in increasing customer security and trust in online transactions. In this article, it is explained how blockchain technology can be used in E-commerce, such as in increasing the security of online transactions, product tracking, use of smart contracts, and digital identities. Nonetheless, the implementation of blockchain technology also has challenges and obstacles that need to be overcome, such as the considerable cost and time involved in system development and integration, as well as regulatory and legal issues related to the use of cryptocurrencies and digital identities. Therefore, the implementation of blockchain technology in E-commerce requires careful strategy and planning to maximize the benefits that this technology can provide.