Implementation of a Comprehensive Well-Being Control and Monitoring Program in a Youth Soccer Academy

The Prudhoe Bay Oil Field lying under the North Slope of Alaska was discovered in 1968. The development of this giant field presented many challenges due to the remote, hostile environment and the project's size and complexity. The possibility of serious materials and corrosion problems was recognized early since the gas contained over 12% CO2 and 5-25 ppm of H2S. This paper presents an overview of the considerations and techniques used in an integrated comprehensive corrosion control and monitoring program developed for the portion of the field operated by ARCO Alaska, Inc. Some corrosion control techniques, such as coatings, corrosion resistant materials, dehydration, and oxygenfree operation were incorporated in the initial installation. Provisions were included in the original designs to allow other approaches, such as inhibition, to be added as needed. A comprehensive monitoring program using techniques such as corrosion coupons, resistance probes, and ultrasonic inspections was initiated. Some results and experiences during the first five years of operation are briefly discussed. Companion papers, "Utilizing a Computer - based Corrosion Monitoring System at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska"5 and "Radiographic Surveys for the Evaluation of Corrosion Damage in Crude Oil Lines in the eastern operating area of Prodhoe Bay"6 give the details of these subjects.

Schistosomiasis japonica remains a significant public-health problem in China. This study evaluated cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive schistosomiasis control program (2003–2006). The comprehensive control program was implemented in Zhangjia and Jianwu (cases); while standard interventions continued in Koutou and Xiajia (controls). Incurred costs were documented and the schistosomiasis comprehensive impact index (SCI) and cost-effectiveness ratio (Comprehensive Control Program Cost/SCI) were applied. In 2003, prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infection was 11.3% (Zhangjia), 6.7% (Jianwu), 6.5% (Koutou), and 8.0% (Xiajia). In 2006, the comprehensive control program in Zhangjia and Jianwu reduced infection to 1.6% and 0.6%, respectively; while Koutou and Xiajia had a schistosomiasis prevalence of 3.2% and 13.0%, respectively. The year-by-year SCIs in Zhangjia were 0.28, 105.25, and 47.58, with an overall increase in cost-effectiveness ratio of 374.9%–544.8%. The SCIs in Jianwu were 16.21, 52.95, and 149.58, with increase in cost-effectiveness of 226.7%–1,149.4%. Investment in Koutou and Xiajia remained static (US$10,000 unit cost). The comprehensive control program implemented in the two case villages reduced median prevalence of schistosomiasis 8.5-fold. Further, the cost effectiveness ratio demonstrated that the comprehensive control program was 170% (Zhangjia) and 922.7% (Jianwu) more cost-effective. This work clearly shows the improvements in both cost and disease prevention effectiveness that a comprehensive control program-approach has on schistosomiasis infection prevalence.

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc. Abstract A hydrocarbon miscible flood project was started in the South Swan Hills field, Alberta, Canada, in July, 1973. In this operation rich hydrocarbon gas (solvent) is injected alternately with water into 22 injection wells. The flood is expected to recover 116 MM barrels of additional oil over that recoverable by waterflooding. A comprehensive monitoring and control program was installed for this project to program was installed for this project to permit efficient operation and evaluation. permit efficient operation and evaluation. The program includes on-line chromatographic analysis of alternate NGL and gas supply streams and computerized calculation and adjustment of enrichment levels. The injection wells are automated to provide central metering and rate control capabilities. A variety of tracers were injected with both the solvent and water phases to permit tracking of the interwell movement of permit tracking of the interwell movement of the flood banks within a reservoir and a detailed sampling and analysis program has been instituted to monitor trace levels. Pressure survey programs and injectivity and Pressure survey programs and injectivity and production profiles are also run on the wells production profiles are also run on the wells on a regular basis to provide additional data to determine flood response. Introduction The South Swan Hills field, Alberta, Canada is a limestone reef of upper Devonian age at a subsurface depth of 8900 feet. It is developed on 160-acre well spacing and is comprised of 228 wells within the Unit boundaries. The Unit is presently made up of two separate projects; a waterflood started in 1963, and the miscible flood. The miscible flood project includes 116 wells of which 22 are injectors. The formation has two to four separate zones depending on the particular location in the field. The net oil-in-place and the recovery factors for each area are 580 million barrels for the miscible flood area, with a recovery of 65%, and 310 million barrels for the waterflood area with a recovery of 46% respectively. Current productive capacity of the miscible flood productive capacity of the miscible flood area is approximately 65,000 barrels of oil per day. To maintain a voidage replacement per day. To maintain a voidage replacement ratio of 1.0 the injection of 73,000 reservoir barrels of solvent and 58,000 barrels of water is required on a daily basis. The solvent volume is blended from approximately 14,000 barrels of LPG's and 50 MMCF of gas. The miscible flood area is divided into 21 separate patterns each with a central injector, as shown on Figure No. 1. These patterns are used as the basic element in patterns are used as the basic element in injection control and production scheduling. For injection and production wells on the dividing lines between patterns, one-half of the well is allocated to either pattern.

Role of a Comprehensive Toxicity Assessment and Monitoring Program in the Management and Ecological Recovery of a Wastewater Receiving Stream

Springs and seeps occur in the spaces around Po Hing Fong Street in the Mid‐Levels area, Hong Kong. Most of the springs occur through the drainage weepholes on retaining walls at the street. This paper first examines the geology and history of the springs. The paper then reports the findings from a 1‐year comprehensive spring monitoring programme. The temporal variations of flow rate, physiochemical parameters and hydrochemistry of the springs are discussed. The average temperatures of the springs were close to the mean air temperature, although there was a systematic lag time of 40 to 50 days between the peak air temperature and highest water temperatures. Spring waters from two rows of weepholes in the retaining wall showed significantly different physical and hydrochemical responses to the changes in rainfall and temperature, though their vertical distance is only about 1 m. The results suggest that water from the upper row of weepholes may represent a recharge source that is shallow or close to the spring outlets, whereas that from the lower row of weepholes may represent a recharge source that is much deeper or further up the hill. Although the spring flows increased rapidly after rainstorms, analysis of the total dissolved solids showed a delayed response to rainstorm events. The concentration of individual ions in the spring water varied in a unique way in response to rainstorm events. It is clear that the presence of underground man‐made drainage systems and the leakage from water mains in the study area may add complexity to the solute responses and transport mechanisms. Further studies are required to constrain the impacts of these man‐made structures on the hydrogeology of the springs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

IntroductionYouth soccer academies are challenged with the constant recruitment process of young talented players to select those who will achieve long-term success as an athlete. Youth soccer academies strive to enhance the physical and technical skill development as well as personality development of talented players because psychological characteristics play a crucial role in players’ future success in their transition to professional soccer. The least mature players and relatively young players may have a greater need to possess superior technical/tactical or psycho-behavioral skills than those relatively older counterparts because of the higher selection rates of early maturing players. Due to RAEs, a significant decrease in the overall quality of professional soccer teams might be observed because of the loss of talent of physically smaller, but psychologically stronger and more versatile relatively young players who possess proper technical and tactical attributes at an early age. The first objective of this study was to examine any possible relationship between RAE and personality constructs. A second objective was to identify factors and effects that can help in the further improvement of talent selection and equal opportunities for elite youth soccer players based on their underlying RAE. The third objective was to consider the impact of RAE on long-term career development.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, 151 elite youth soccer players between 15 and 18 years of age were first grouped in birth quartiles. Personality constructs were then assessed, using a combination of observations, interviews, and a self-assessment questionnaire. Next competition level after 8 years was evaluated to identify RAEs, differences in personality characteristics and opportunities to reach professional soccer player status between relatively older vs. younger players.ResultsA clear significant RAE was observed for the whole database (Q1 = 38.4% vs. Q4 = 13.9%) with OR of 2.61 (χ2 = 19.46, p < 0.01, r = −0.85). Relatively young players had higher median scores on personality constructs such as self-confidence (p = 0.04), while relatively old players had higher median scores on personality constructs such as team orientation (p = 0.03). In the long term, more players of the youngest birth quartile were signed as professional players (76.2%), compared with relatively old players (46.6%). 65.0% of the 20 players had the highest total score on personality constructs developed as a professional soccer player, vs. 35.0% of the 20 players with the lowest scores.DiscussionIn conclusion, this study showed not only further evidence of the RAE but also provided evidence supporting “the underdog hypothesis” in national elite youth teams. Relatively young players were also more likely to get higher value senior professional contracts in the long term. We propose that this may be due to the relatively young players developing superior psychological skills and technical expertise to compensate for their early physical disadvantage. This in turn suggests the need for greater awareness of the importance of personality constructs in the future development of youth elite soccer players. Therefore, the crux of the issue is how youth soccer academies elicit the “best of both worlds” ie. moderating RAE whilst also gaining the benefits of the underdog hypothesis by creating the right environment for every player to develop to their full potential in elite youth soccer academies.

Psychosocial Skills in a Youth Soccer Academy: A Holistic Ecological Perspective Objectives: The latest research in talent development show that more varied psychological and especially social and cultural circumstances play an important role in talent development. This study assumes an ecological approach to explore which psychosocial skills are important in a youth soccer academy and how psychosocial skills are practiced in this particular environment. Method: The research takes the form of a case study. Data were collected from multiple perspectives (in-depth interviews with managers, coaches and players), from multiple situations (observation of training, competitions and meetings) and from the analysis of documents. Results: The findings reveal explicit (being practiced and talked about) and implicit (indirectly practiced and talked about) psychosocial skills in the youth soccer academy and a differentiation between internal and interpersonal psychosocial skills. Conclusions: Important explicit psychosocial skills are motivation, self awareness and the ability to work hard. However, even more important for the young soccer players dealing with the transition to professional soccer seem to be implicit psychosocial skills such as managing performance and process outcomes (internal) and the ability to utilize team skills and general social skills (interpersonal). Despite the fact that the environment expects the young players to display these skills, they are only indirectly practiced. This study demonstrates the interweaving of psychosocial skills and practice in the talent development environment, and thus underlines the social construction of psychosocial skills in elite sport.

Summary Surfactant injection as an EOR method is considered for a giant middle-eastern carbonate oilfield in offshore setting. The field is characterized by thin oil column, low permeability, and large lateral variations in fluid properties. Even after an extensive water-flood program, there are substantial amounts of oil left behind in the reservoir due to the mixed-wet to oil-wet nature of the Reservoir. An extensive surfactant-based wettability alteration EOR screening process was conducted to select the best surfactant for improving the oil recovery. After successful short surfactant injection trials, a long-term surfactant injection pilot was planned and executed. The pilot was supported by a comprehensive monitoring program. The pilot was conducted in an offshore environment involving very long horizontal well, which is unique in the industry and is first of its kind. A robust and comprehensive monitoring program is key to successfully evaluate the pilot performance and qualify the incremental oil production from the trial. A detailed monitoring program was prepared in advance before the pilot start-up, which involved internal and external parties. Monitoring plan consisted of high frequency monitoring of delivered surfactant quality, constant monitoring of surfactant injection concentration and injection rates. Plan involves high-frequency collection and monitoring of production samples with the aim of highlighting any changes compared to the base line measurement. External labs were also involved for precision monitoring of any surfactant breakthrough for pro-actively mitigating effects of any upset due to pre-mature surfactant breakthrough. For monitoring a dashboard has been created for identifying correlation between various processes. The pilot monitoring is still on-going and will continue for another 6 months. The comprehensive monitoring program has contributed to the successful conclusions from the pilot. The data gathered during the monitoring program will enable scale up of trial to other wells, qualification of incremental oil production, and to improve efficiency of the future implementation of surfactant injection on a greater number of wells. The paper presents the results planning of trial form lab to field, implementation of monitoring plan and results of the monitoring plan, which support the trial conclusions. The pilot and the monitoring program are unique in themselves as the scale of operations and number of stakeholders involved are large. The pilot demonstrates that it’s possible to implement an EOR project in a highly complex offshore carbonate field. The pilot was conducted in an offshore environment involving very long horizontal well and is first of its kind.

PurposeTo describe the role of the pharmacist in and initial outcomes of a remote monitoring and telemanagement program implemented to proactively provide outreach to high-risk patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.SummaryA remote monitoring and telemanagement program was developed at a large, nonprofit, multicenter, academic health system as an innovative way to manage patients at risk for decompensation of their chronic diseases in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. The program mobilized an interprofessional workforce including nurses, medical assistants, social workers, virtualists, patient schedulers, and ambulatory care pharmacists. Patient outreach included a combination of telephone calls and digital outreach. The goal was to monitor patients’ health status remotely and assess for early signs of decompensation. Pharmacists conducted telephone outreach to answer patients’ medication questions and address signs and symptoms of worsening chronic conditions. Pharmacists were able to utilize an existing collaborative practice agreement (CPA) to adjust medication therapy and order laboratory tests as needed for safety and efficacy monitoring. Since the program’s inception in April 2020 through January 2021, pharmacists have addressed over 1,600 medication questions or instances of worsening clinical signs and symptoms.ConclusionA comprehensive remote monitoring and telemanagement program utilized a multidisciplinary team to monitor high-risk patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pharmacists contributed to chronic disease management via the use of a comprehensive CPA, allowing medications to be started, stopped, or adjusted on the basis of patients’ needs, to improve population health management and reduce workload for primary care providers who were addressing new and emerging issues during the pandemic.

Youth male soccer is more competitive than ever as clubs strive to recruit, develop, and produce future elite soccer players. Within youth soccer academies, it is important to recognise that, talent development (TD) and (de)selection are on-going and complex multidisciplinary processes with several challenges. Part 1 of this paper presents three real-world practical challenges including: (1) the ability to differentiate between performance and potential, (2) understanding and alignment to develop talented players, and (3) decision-making processes and (de)selection of players. The paper then presents a possible solution to these challenges demonstrated through the application of a multidisciplinary profiling tool created and utilised within a youth male soccer academy in the UK (Part 2). Finally, Part 3 of the paper identifies the applied challenges associated with implementing such a tool within a TD environment and provides possible solutions for effective implementation. The creation and implementation of the multidisciplinary athlete profiling tool can facilitate TD, and support (de)selection decisions. The solutions provided may serve as principles that can be flexibly implemented across a variety of sports and environments to augment TD and (de)selection processes.

The purpose of the study was to (1) assess the training load experienced during pre-season and in-season meso-cycles within youth academy soccer players and (2) investigate the extent to which the intended periodized approach was implemented, considering those factors that affected its realization. An explanatory sequential mixed-method design comprising two phases was adopted. Phase 1 encompassed the quantitative analysis of training load data, using 10 Hz GPS, and consisted of 17 youth academy soccer players (age 17 ± 1 yrs; stature 179 ± 9 cm; body mass 72 ± 9 kg), from a professional English soccer academy. Phase 2 involved the collection of qualitative data in relation to the data collected in phase 1 of the study. Three semi-structured interviews were conducted with the lead strength and conditioning coach at the same academy, to gain his reflections on the data, its alignments with desired outcomes, and factors that impacted on the enactment of the periodized training programme. The results provide original information on the training load experienced within a youth soccer academy and novel insights into the complex realities of enacting periodized training programmes in practice.

Threats to a species' persistence are likely to change as conservation measures reduce some threats, while natural and anthropogenic changes increase others. Despite a variety of potential underlying mechanisms, extinction threats will be manifested through one of the 3 components of population dynamics: reducing population growth potential, increasing population variability, or lowering the population ceiling. Consequently, effective management can be guided by monitoring programs and population models that examine each of these components. We examined the potential for a coupled monitoring and modeling effort to guide management of species‐at‐risk while accounting for evolving risks using the case study of the threatened San Clemente sage sparrow (Amphispiza belli clementeae). Originally listed due to a low population ceiling imposed by severe habitat loss, we found that the major threat to San Clemente sage sparrow persistence has shifted to low population growth potential driven by high juvenile mortality. We further found that successful mitigation of high juvenile mortality will shift the primary threat to drought frequency, which is predicted to increase on San Clemente Island as a consequence of global climate change. The latter shift is a consequence of the boom‐bust ecology exhibited by San Clemente sage sparrows in response to rainfall—likely a common characteristic of short‐lived terrestrial vertebrates in arid environments. Our ability to successfully recover this species hinges on a comprehensive monitoring and modeling program incorporating all 3 components of population dynamics informing changes in management priorities to reflect shifting threats. Our study indicates that the next critical step to recovering sage sparrows is to understand and mitigate the causes of high juvenile mortality. In response to these predictions, the United States Navy has funded a radio‐telemetry study to determine the cause(s) of juvenile mortalities. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.

The Modular Borehole Monitoring Program: a research program to optimize well-based monitoring for geologic carbon sequestration

Context: Clinical toxicologists may be called upon to determine the appropriateness of medical monitoring following documented or purported exposures to toxicants in the occupational, environmental, and medical settings.Methods: We searched the MEDLINE database using the Ovid® search engine for the following terms cross-referenced to the MeSH database: (“occupational exposures” OR “environmental exposures”) AND (“physiologic monitoring” OR “population surveillance”). The titles and abstracts of the resulted articles were reviewed for relevance. We expanded our search to include non-peer-reviewed publications and gray literature and resources using the same terms as utilized in the MEDLINE search. There were a total of 48 relevant peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed publications. Publications excluded contained no information relevant to medical monitoring following potentially harmful toxicologic exposures, discussed only worker screening/surveillance and/or population biomonitoring, contained redundant information, or were superseded by more recent information.Approaches to medical monitoring: A consensus exists in the peer-reviewed medical literature, legal literature, and government publications that for medical monitoring to be a beneficial public health activity, careful consideration must be given to potential benefits and harms of the program. Characteristics of the exposure, the adverse human health effect, the screening test, and the natural history of the disease are important in determining whether an exposed population will reap a net benefit or harm from a proposed monitoring program.Broader interpretations of medical monitoring: Some have argued that medical monitoring programs should not be limited to exposure-related outcomes but should duplicate general preventive medicine efforts to improve public health outcomes although an overall reduction of morbidity, mortality and disability by modifying correctable risk factors and disease conditions. This broader approach is inconsistent with the targeted approach advocated by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry and the United States Preventive Services Task Force and the bulk of the peer-reviewed medical literature.Medical monitoring in legal contexts: Numerous medical monitoring actions have been litigated. Legal rationales for allowing medical monitoring claims often incorporate some of the scientific criteria for the appropriateness of monitoring programs. In the majority of cases in which plaintiffs were awarded medical monitoring relief, plaintiffs were required to demonstrate both that the condition for which medical monitoring was sought could be detected early, and that early detection and treatment will improve morbidity and mortality. However, the treatment of medical monitoring claims varies significantly depending upon jurisdiction.Examples of large-scale, comprehensive medical monitoring programs: Large-scale, comprehensive medical monitoring programs have been implemented, such as the Fernald Medical Monitoring Program and the World Trade Center Health Program, both of which exceeded the scope of medical monitoring typically recommended in the peer-reviewed medical literature and the courts. The Fernald program sought to prevent death and disability due to non-exposure-related conditions in a manner similar to general preventive medicine. The World Trade Center Health Program provides comprehensive medical care for World Trade Center responders and may be viewed as a large-scale, federally--funded research effort, which distinguishes it from medical monitoring in a medico-legal context.Synthesis of public health approaches to medical monitoring: Medical monitoring may be indicated following a hazardous exposure in limited circumstances. General causation for a specific adverse health effect must be either established by scientific consensus through a formal causal analysis using a framework such as the Bradford–Hill criteria. The exposure must be characterized and must be of sufficient severity that the exposed population has a significantly elevated risk of an adverse health effect. Monitoring must result in earlier detection of the condition than would otherwise occur and must confer a benefit in the form of primary, secondary or tertiary prevention. Outcome tables may be of use in describing the potential benefits and harms of a proposed monitoring program.Conclusions: In the context of litigation, plaintiffs may seek medical monitoring programs after documented or putative exposures. The role of the clinical toxicologist, in this setting, is to evaluate the scientific justifications and medical risks and assist the courts in determining whether monitoring would be expected to result in a net public health benefit.

“We are on the outside but it’s okay”: A grounded theory of cooperation between parents, coaches, and administrators in professional youth soccer academies