Implementation And Optimization Of 5g Networks Using Software-Defined Radio (Sdr) And Openairinterface

Radio Frequency identification (RFID) technology has become important tool for items identification and tracking. In those purposes different types of RFID technologies could be used, depending on its application. Limitations of passive RFID technology, related to tags reading range and confidence in harsh environments, puts restrictions on implementation in the real life scenarios. To overcome the issue, but staying within the standards, we have considered development and implementation of active backscattering tag technology, which significantly improves tag reading range and confidence. Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology is promising technology for building mobiles of multiple radio standards in 4G networks. Regarding stated RFID technologies limitations and SDR technology, we present development and implementation of the Software Defined Radio (SDR) active backscattering tag compatible with the EPCglobal UHF Class 1 Generation 2 (Gen2) RFID standard. Such technology can be used for wide spectra of applications and services. The system is developed and tested on SDR platform. Validity and performances of developed Gen2 SDR tag are shown through actual presented results.

This discussion paper explores the potential of Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology to provide flexible and low-cost subsurface radar prototypes for the GPR community. Unlike traditional fixed hardware implementations, SDR uses software configurable RF modules which can be used to implement customized signal encoding, decoding and processing. However, the full potential of SDR has not yet been fully understood or exploited for radar-based applications, and so is of special interest for GPR development. This paper introduces the fundamental concepts behind SDRs and describes the underlying hardware and software architectures that are used to implement them. It also provides a simple reference design using open source GNU Radio software and the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) hardware to indicate how low-cost radar configurations can be designed and evaluated. The benefits and challenges of SDR-based radar architectures are highlighted, and opportunities discussed for new and enhanced subsurface sensing capabilities. Overall, SDR technology is seen to provide new opportunities to boost future radar research and development to provide enhanced GPR system capabilities.

Background. The introduction of fifth-generation (5G) networks creates new opportunities for fast and continuous data exchange, but there are still some problems with the quality of voice services in such networks. With the rapid development of technology and the further spread of 5G, there is a need to understand the impact of key aspects of 5G on voice quality. This requires research that can systematically analyse the features of 5G networks that affect the quality of voice services. Objective. Identification of ways to improve the quality of voice services in 5G networks. Assessment of key indicators of voice service quality in 5G networks. Determination of the best option for the gradual transition to the Standalone mode and the use of VoNR technology in the fifth generation networks. Methods. Analysis of factors affecting the quality of voice services in fifth-generation networks. Analysis of well-known publications on the implementation of 5G networks. Comparison of the implementation of Non-Standalone and Standalone modes in the 5G network. Testing of the modern EVS codec, which provides an opportunity to improve the customer experience. Results. Confirmation that 5G networks can significantly improve the quality of voice services compared to previous mobile communication technologies such as 4G and 3G. Certain factors that may affect the quality of voice services and require additional attention when planning and deploying 5G networks are identified. The optimal steps for the transition to the Standalone mode and the use of VoNR technology in fifth-generation networks are determined. The main differences in the QoS architecture between LTE and 5G are identified, and the purpose of DRB flows for separating traffic types and services is established. Conclusions. It has been confirmed that 5G networks can significantly improve the quality of voice services compared to previous technologies such as 4G and 3G. This is possible due to the broadband capabilities of 5G networks, improved data transmission, low latency, the use of an advanced EVS codec and reduced response time. However, certain factors, such as network coverage, optimisation level and traffic characteristics, can affect the quality of voice services and require additional attention when planning and deploying 5G networks. The QoS management architecture consists of QoS flows, which allow separating packet assignment to flows (managed by the CN) from the assignment of DRB flows (managed by the RAN). As 5G networks are being rolled out gradually, it is important to properly integrate the 5G domain into the existing telecoms provider's network. The transition from Non-Standalone to Dual connectivity is a necessary step for the implementation of VoNR technology in Standalone mode. Using the modern EVS codec allows not only improving the customer experience, but also introducing new voice services.

This special issue contains extended articles based on the best papers of the R&D track of the Wireless Innovation Forum’s SDR’11-WinnCommConference on Wireless Communications Technologies and Software Defined Radio (SDR). The Wireless Innovation Forum (previously known as the SDR Forum) was established in 1996. The Wireless Innovation Forum is a non-profit ‘‘mutual benefit corporation’’ dedicated to driving technology innovation in commercial, civil, and defense communications around the world. Forum members bring a broad base of experience in SDR, Cognitive Radio(CR), and Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) technologies in diverse markets and at all levels of the wireless value chain to address emerging wireless communications requirements through enhanced value, reduced total life cost of ownership, and accelerated deployment of standardized families of products, technologies, and services. The Forum acts as the premier venue for its members to collaborate to achieve these objectives, providing opportunities to network with customers, partners and competitors, educate decision makers, develop and expand markets, and advance relevant technologies. The Technical Conference was first established in 1992 after a highly successful workshop held in 1991. Now attracting a broad range of about 500 delegates including researchers, professors, industry developers, investors, commercial network operators, radio manufacturers, system integrators, government procurement officials, regulators, engineering service providers, and consultants from over 22 different countries, the conference is the only event devoted to the advancement of reconfigurable radio technologies from research through deployment. We are pleased to report that the annual US conference and product exhibition continues to hold its place in the advanced wireless community as the premier event for exploring SDR, CR, and DSA technologies. Last year there was continued strong participation in this conference. In spite of the continuing down turn in the economy in many segments of the market, our papers were downloaded more than 81,000 times. A unique feature of this conference is in providing opportunities to network from a broad mix of participants from all levels of the wireless value chain including investors, commercial network operators, radio manufacturers, system integrators, government procurement officials, regulators, technology providers, engineering service providers, and consultants. Of this group 42 % were researchers and technology developers. From this group of researchers, academically focussed papers are submitted to the Research and Development (R&D) Track of the conference. This year’s paper topics included SDR implementations and architectures, Communications Signal Processing, Physical Layer Techniques, Chip Implementations, GPUs, FPGAs, Processors, RF Technologies, Security, Software Systems, SCA, Spectrum Sharing, CR, System Implementation, and Testing. J. Glossner Optimum Semiconductor Technologies, Inc., 120 White Plains Rd, Tarrytown, NY 10601, USA e-mail: jglossner@optimumsemi.com

In this paper, we present the evolution of software-defined radio (SDR) technology and show how it is currently at the forefront of numerous advances within the wireless sector, enabling new applications considered unrealizable only a decade ago. Specifically, this paper focuses on SDR from a discrete-time sampling perspective and discusses the efforts that are currently being pursued in order to further bridge the gap between these discrete-time samples, the hardware used to generate this information from continuous-time over-the-air signaling waveforms, and the software and digital logic used to process these samples into digital data via baseband processing. Given the extensive deployment of SDR technology across a growing number of applications, such as national defense, public safety, connected vehicles, education, and scientific research and development activities, it is vitally important that the wireless community understands the features, advantages, and limitations of this technology. With its versatility, cost, and functionality continuously improving, SDR has become a viable solution for prototyping wireless transceivers and networks that are much more tailored to specific applications and performance requirements relative to available off-the-shelf wireless solutions. To highlight the advantages and current issues with SDR technology, this paper presents several examples using a recently released, commercially available SDR platform.

The evolution of communication systems has brought about a paradigm shift, particularly in radiocommunications, where software has increasingly taken precedence over hardware. This transition has not only reduced implementation costs but has also significantly enhanced the flexibility of equipment architecture. A prime example of this trend is the emergence and consolidation of software-defined radio (SDR) technology in recent decades. This study provides a comprehensive contextualization of SDR technology, offering insights into its current state in terms of development tools and market equipment. Additionally, two learning scenarios are presented that employ different teaching methodologies. In one of these scenarios, communication theory is exclusively approached from a theoretical perspective. In the second scenario, knowledge acquisition is encouraged through the implementation of low-cost laboratories that incorporate SDR technology. The study indicates that implementing SDR technology boosts student motivation and learning, with 73.13% believing it enhances engineering education and 96% showing increased motivation. Those using SDR in practical laboratories perform better on knowledge tests, but statistical analysis shows that the difference is not statistically significant.

Развиты методики и алгоритмы определения доступности КВ-радиоканалов с различными полосами 3…24 кГц для прогноза эффективности передачи информации в декаметровом диапазоне. На базе технологии SDR разработан лабораторный образец программно-аппаратного комплекса для реализации подхода спектрального мониторинга. Проведены круглосуточные экспериментальные исследования в наиболее сложной помеховой обстановке: промышленная зона, плотная городская застройка, время года – период летнего солнцестояния. Получены частотные диапазоны наиболее доступных радиоканалов в зависимости от времени суток, а также экспериментальные оценки их минутной доступности. Currently, HF radio communication is used by civil, industrial, military services and organizations. HF communication systems have a number of advantages, such as: many uses or applications, relatively low cost, large coverage area, which is important for communication in remote areas (mountains, sea, etc.). At the current level of knowledge in the field of wireless communication, there have been created methods that allow to overcome the influence of the negative effects of the HF radio channel on the data transmission, however, with various performance. They imply the use of the sounding mode for multiple channels in the operation of HF communication systems, as well as the use of OFDM signals that exhibit resistance to intersymbol interference. Since the quality of communication is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio (the ratio of signal energy to the spectral density of interferences in the channel), there have been developed cognitive radio methods for HF communications, taking into account the negative effects of intermode dispersion and channel occupancy with interferences. This allows to establish the channel availability. The urgency of the approach is especially high when solving the problem of significant increasing the bandwidth of HF communication (up to 120,000 bps) by spreading the channel bandwidth by a multiple of 3 kHz up to 24 kHz. The need to introduce additional operation modes for HF communication systems requires the development and widespread use of software-defined radio (SDR) technology, as well as the creation of special software with elements of intelligent technologies, such as: technology of machine learning (ML) for the transformation of communication systems to AR (Adaptive Radio), CR (Cognitive Radio) and IR (Intelligent Radio). So, the problem of increasing the data rate in the HF band within the framework of CR and SDR technologies requires the development of methods and algorithms for the introduction of technology for machine learning of communication systems, as well as the creation of laboratory equipment. The aim of the research: development of methods, algorithms and hardware implementation of a laboratory facility for monitoring the interference spectrum in the HF band at different (3 kHz, 6 kHz, 9 kHz, 12 kHz, 18 kHz, 24 kHz) resolution, as well as their experimental verification in a challenging urban reception conditions. Tackled tasks: development of the method, algorithms for the spectral estimation of the availability of radio channels occupied with interferences; creation a laboratory facility for monitoring the spectrum of interferences at HF frequencies based on the software-defined radio technology; experimental verification of the developed method and algorithms in the most difficult reception case - interference environment. Conclusion. A laboratory facility of a software hardware complex developed on the basis of SDR technology for monitoring the interference spectrum in the HF band for radio channels of 3 kHz to 24 kHz width is presented. A scientific statement of methods for estimating and analyzing the availability of such channels for operating frequencies of tactical and strategic communications is given. Experimental verification of methods, algorithms and hardware, carried out during the month of the summer solstice (June) in a challenging urban interference environment, showed that with an increase in the channel bandwidth, their overall availability decreases both in the day and at night. There are presented figures showing that spectral monitoring, implemented on the basis of developed methods and algorithms allows to find available radio channels of tactical and strategic communication systems almost around the clock when operating with low-power signals, even in a challenging interference conditions typical for the cities.

Standardization and certification of Software Defined Radio (SDR) technologies are closely related. The paper describes the current standardization efforts for SDR technologies in Europe and the related certification processes. The regulatory and technical requirements for the certification of SDR and its components are defined in this paper. The paper presents the study on the development of a European SDR certification procedure through a network approach. Finally, we describe the Waveform Libraries and Issue Tracking System, which are an essential part of the certification process. The output of this study is a comprehensive overview of the SDR standardization and certification landscape.

The unpredictable situation from the Coronavirus (COVID-19) globally and the severity of the third wave has resulted in the entire world being quarantined from one another again. Self-quarantine is the only existing solution to stop the spread of the virus when vaccination is under trials. Due to COVID-19, individuals may have difficulties in breathing and may experience cognitive impairment, which results in physical and psychological health issues. Healthcare professionals are doing their best to treat the patients at risk to their health. It is important to develop innovative solutions to provide non-contact and remote assistance to reduce the spread of the virus and to provide better care to patients. In addition, such assistance is important for elderly and those that are already sick in order to provide timely medical assistance and to reduce false alarm/visits to the hospitals. This research aims to provide an innovative solution by remotely monitoring vital signs such as breathing and other connected health during the quarantine. We develop an innovative solution for connected health using software-defined radio (SDR) technology and artificial intelligence (AI). The channel frequency response (CFR) is used to extract the fine-grained wireless channel state information (WCSI) by using the multi-carrier orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique. The design was validated by simulated channels by analyzing CFR for ideal, additive white gaussian noise (AWGN), fading, and dispersive channels. Finally, various breathing experiments are conducted and the results are illustrated as having classification accuracy of 99.3% for four different breathing patterns using machine learning algorithms. This platform allows medical professionals and caretakers to remotely monitor individuals in a non-contact manner. The developed platform is suitable for both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 scenarios.

High-resolution wireless video transmission is essential in modern communication systems, particularly in sectors like defense, healthcare, and education. The growing need for real-time, high-speed data transfer in dynamic wireless environments reveals the limitations of traditional hardware-based systems. OFDM offers high data rates and resilience against channel impairments, yet standardized implementations lack flexibility due to fixed parameters. This study presents the design of a configurable OFDM-based wireless transmission platform integrated with Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology. The proposed system enables real-time, software-based adaptation of key parameters such as modulation, coding, and encryption, eliminating the need for hardware modifications. This flexibility allows the system to respond effectively to varying channel conditions while maintaining high performance. The designed platform provides a scalable, adaptable, and cost-efficient solution for high-resolution wireless communication applications.

In this article, the deployment of software-defined radio (SDR) technologies for public safety (PS) is addressed for the purpose of providing a useful reference integrating PS-specific requirements and the relevant applicable technologies. Both user requirements and SDR technologies have been examined by a lot of working groups in recent years. In turn, they have been providing support to many European-funded programs, completing the work started by the European Commission's (EC's) Sixth and Seventh Framework Programmes (FP6 and FP7), which are approaching their last steps. Narrowband up to broadband radio communications have been analyzed, also addressing security, group calls, and other specific requirements demanded by PS.

Software defined radio frequency sensing framework for Internet of Medical Things

The global pandemic of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is dramatically changing the lives of humans and results in limitation of activities, especially physical activities, which lead to various health issues such as cardiovascular, diabetes, and gout. Physical activities are often viewed as a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it offers enormous health benefits; on the other hand, it can cause irreparable damage to health. Falls during physical activities are a significant cause of fatal and non-fatal injuries. Therefore, continuous monitoring of physical activities is crucial during the quarantine period to detect falls. Even though wearable sensors can detect and recognize human physical activities, in a pandemic crisis, it is not a realistic approach. Smart sensing with the support of smartphones and other wireless devices in a non-contact manner is a promising solution for continuously monitoring physical activities and assisting patients suffering from serious health issues. In this research, a non-contact smart sensing through the walls (TTW) platform is developed to monitor human physical activities during the quarantine period using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. The developed platform is intelligent, flexible, portable, and has multi-functional capabilities. The received orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals with fine-grained 64-subcarriers wireless channel state information (WCSI) are exploited for classifying different activities by applying machine learning algorithms. The fall activity is classified separately from standing, walking, running, and bending with an accuracy of 99.7% by using a fine tree algorithm. This preliminary smart sensing opens new research directions to detect COVID-19 symptoms and monitor non-communicable and communicable diseases.

This paper presents a flexible methodology to implement Fifth-Generation New Radio (5G-NR) Radio Access Network (RAN) lower entities, making use of a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and a Radio Frequency (RF) front end, combining the Digital Signal Processing (DSP) techniques and the Software Defined Radio (SDR) technologies. The necessity of a fast and automated implementation flow is imposed by the diversity of the deployment scenarios and design options presented by the 5G networks. The proof-of-concept entity is the 5G-NR Distributed Unit (DU) receiver co-located with the Remote Unit (RU) receiver implemented in a ZCU102 evaluation kit and the integrated transceiver AD9371. This entity is in line with the needs of 5G networks and addresses issues of implementation, synchronization and resource management. The results show a resource usage of 25.7%, in which 4.4% belong to the 5G DU receiver and 21.3% to the AD9371 reference design, with a maximum operating frequency of 245.76 MHz and an Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) of 0.80%, providing the flexibility necessary to the instantiation of the transmitter part and multiple chains with different channel bandwidths, numerologies and design options.

Low latency communication has attracted much interest in recent years due to the emergence of new types of delay-sensitive applications. Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) is also considered as one of the important use-cases in 5G cellular system. Traditional wireless communication system is usually optimized for high data throughput, but cannot satisfy the requirement of strict latency threshold. Semi-persistent scheduling and TTI shortening are two methods to address this problem. We implemented these methods by making modification based on OpenAirInterface framework, and build up a realistic cellular network system using software-defined radio technology. Experimental results show a dramatic latency reduction comparing with the baseline LTE scheme. By integrating these effective methods, we implemented a practical wireless communication system that can provide low latency transmission service.KeywordsLow latencySoftware-defined radioURLLCOpenAirInterface