Implementation and Evaluation of a Pediatric Pain Education Program for Healthcare Providers in Ghana: A Multidisciplinary Approach

The Future of Pediatric Residency Education: Prescription for More Flexibility

Pediatric pain is often not addressed properly in the literature, which suggests a research gap in pediatric health-care providers' knowledge and attitudes toward the treatment of pain experienced by children in various health-care settings. To improve future practice in this area, nursing interns should be well versed in pediatric pain assessment and management to improve pediatric pain management practices in collaboration with other health-care professionals. This study aimed to assess the levels of knowledge and attitudes toward pediatric pain management among nursing interns at a specific academic institution. This descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study employed an online questionnaire to collect data from 119 female nursing interns in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. In addition to collecting the participants' demographic profiles, the questionnaire gathered data using the Pediatric Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain instrument. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated using SPSS for Windows (v. 21.0). The nursing interns' overall knowledge and attitudes toward pediatric pain management were found to be poor, with a mean score of 36.59% (standard deviation, 13.2). Additional education and clinical training for nursing interns is essential to enhance their knowledge and attitudes toward pediatric pain management.

To map the practice of paediatric perioperative pain assessment and management among consultant anaesthetists working in teaching institutions in the two provinces of Pakistan. A cross-sectional survey. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Anaesthesiology, Teaching institutions of Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan, from January to October 2022. A questionnaire was designed to determine the participants' practices about perioperative pain assessment and management. It consisted of 26 questions that included participants' demographic data and questions about their paediatric practice. A total of 152 responses were received (response rate 76%). Most participants (n = 84, 55.3%) had a two-year diploma in anaesthesiology, while 38.2% had a four-year diploma. Additionally, 66.4% worked at public sector hospitals and 28.3% at private hospitals. Only 66% of respondents used paediatric pain scales for pain assessment in the recovery rooms. Most participants, 72.2%, had no Paediatric Pain Management Guidelines available at their institution. Only 5% had access to 5 analgaesic medications, while 32% had access to only 2 medications for intraoperative pain management. The practice of anaesthesiologists in these two provinces of Pakistan is highly varied since there is a lack of national guidelines. Paediatric anaesthesia, Acute pain, Pain management, Pain measurement, Paediatric pain assessment, Anaesthesia and analgaesia, Survey and questionnaires.

Status of pain education in US pediatric residency programs 2008

Pain is a component of up to 80% of all emergency department (ED) visits. Oligoanalgesia, the under-treatment of pain, is a recognized problem in the ED and can have numerous detrimental effects for the pediatric patient. Surveying emergency medicine residents, our primary objectives were to describe a) the extent and type of training received in pediatric acute pain management, b) their management approach to common painful pediatric presentations, c) their level of comfort in assessing and treating acute pain, d) their perceived facilitators and barriers to optimally managing pain, and e) their attitudes towards managing such pain in the ED. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was administered to all Royal College Emergency Medicine (EM) and Pediatric Emergency Medicine (PEM) residents, the Canadian College of Family Physician's EM residents, Clinical Fellows and PEM Fellows at three Canadian universities. A novel survey tool was created and distributed from May to June 2013. Surveys were completed online, using a modified Dillman approach. Our response rate was 46% (56 of 122). Forty-five percent (25 of 55) of residents had not received any training for pediatric pain assessment. All years of residents were uncomfortable with the assessment of pain in 0- to 2-year-olds (P=0.07). For patients aged two to 12 years, level of comfort with pain assessment increased with years of training (P=0.02). When assessing pain in children with disabilities, 83% (45 of 54) of residents were ‘extremely’ or ‘somewhat’ uncomfortable; 65% (47 of 55) of residents had not received any training on how to assess pain for such patients. Sixty-nine percent (38 of 55) of residents had received training on how to treat pediatric pain. All residents were more comfortable using pain medication for a nine-year-old, as compared to a one-year-old (oral oxycodone P=0.00003, oral morphine P=0.00002, IV morphine P=0.004). Ninety-eight percent (54 of 55) of residents felt that it was ‘extremely’ or ‘somewhat’ important to receive education about pediatric pain management. Their preferred methods to learn children's pain management were through role modeling (61%) and lectures (57%). Top challenges to optimal pediatric pain management were non-verbal patients, patients with disabilities, and young infants. Pediatric pain management education is important to EM residents. Residents recall receiving sub-optimal training on this important topic. They are especially uneasy in the management of younger children and those with disabilities. This study's findings can be used to inform post-graduate curriculum planning, in order to optimize pediatric pain assessment and treatment education.

Education Changes Mexican Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Pediatric Pain

Council on Medical Student Education in Pediatrics

Student Nurses' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Efficacy of Children's Pain Management: Evaluation of an Education Program in Taiwan

Cultural transformation is needed for health care to be sensitive to children's pain. The Pediatric Pain Practice Registered Nurses (PRN) Curriculum is the first free, open access, downloadable, interprofessional pain continuing education (IPPCE) curriculum developed to empower health care professionals to translate evidence-based pain care into clinical practice. To evaluate the curriculum and its experiential flipped-learning strategies, we used a mixed methods approach. Interprofessional pediatric teams from eight health care systems evaluated the curriculum after attending Pediatric Pain PRN Courses in the Fall of 2017 (N = 90). Qualitative methods were used to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and utility of the curriculum and IPPCE strategies. Pain knowledge and attitudes were measured pre-IPPCE/post-IPPCE with the Pediatric Healthcare Provider's Knowledge & Attitude Survey Regarding Pain (PHPKAS). Web analytics were used to describe dissemination for the first year after the curriculum's webpage launch. Learners rated their achievement of course objectives as moderate-great. PHPKAS scores significantly increased (P < .0005); but significant differences in physician and nurse PHPKAS question responses pre-IPPCE/post-IPPCE were found. Within 2 years of the IPPCE, three health care systems were certified as Childkind Hospitals, five Pediatric Pain PRN Programs were established, and various practice changes and improved patient outcomes, such as decreased hospital lengths of stay and emergency department returns for pain, were realized. Curriculum dissemination was global. Results support the acceptability, effectiveness, feasibility, utility, and global dissemination of the curriculum and IPPCE strategies. More rigorous patient outcome data are needed; however, this study demonstrated the benefit of a free, open-access, downloadable, interprofessional health care provider continuing education curriculum.

Assessment provides the foundation for effective treatment, but evidence indicates that pain is not optimally assessed or treated in children. This chapter provides an overview of pediatric pain assessment in children of all ages and developmental abilities who may require opioids. Historic influences and pediatric pain assessment knowledge gaps are reviewed. Key steps in pain assessment, including pain history and the hierarchy of pain assessment strategies are outlined. Reliability, validity, and utility of commonly used pediatric self-report and observational pain assessment tools are described; and other factors to consider when choosing pain assessment tools are discussed. In addition, anticipated approaches for precision pediatric pain assessment, including harnessing the potential for digital health technologies and genomics to guide pediatric opioid treatment, are introduced.

Pediatric Pain Education Research: Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling.

This research aimed at describing the implementation of Kirkpatrick’s evaluation model in the learning of Initial Value and Boundary Condition Problems. For each of the four different levels in the model, an evaluation was conducted using different instruments. A performance evaluation was conducted to assess the students’ product or project. This was a qualitative descriptive study involving 58 students of Mathematics Department, Faculty of mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Gorontalo as the sample. The data were collected by means of questionnaire; the reliability was tested through Cronbrach’s alpha. Students’ learning achievement was scored using a performance rubric. The study shows that Kirkpatrick’s Evaluation Model for the learning program of initial Values and Boundary Condition Problems is very effective. Keywords: Kirkpatrick’s evaluation model, Performance assessment, Initial value and boundary condition problems

ObjectivesTo describe the knowledge, practices, perception, and barriers of paediatric pain management among doctors and nurses working in Paediatric and Neonatal Units of Colombo North Teaching Hospital.MethodsDescriptive study was conducted...

Background Pediatric pain is complex due to physiological, psychological, and social factors. Evidence suggests that untreated childhood pain might have long-term physical and mental effects. While physiotherapists are key in pediatric care, research from India remains scarce. In the Indian context, children’s pain is frequently underestimated due to cultural norms, limited pain education in physiotherapy curricula, and inconsistent access to resources. Maharashtra, as a diverse and populous state, presents specific challenges where physiotherapists’ knowledge and attitudes directly influence pediatric care. Objective Examining the knowledge and attitudes of physiotherapists in Maharashtra with relation to the management of pediatric pain was the primary goal of this research. Methods Using the Pediatric Healthcare Provider’s Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain, 152 physiotherapists completed a descriptive, online cross-sectional survey. A convenience sample was used to recruit participants from a range of clinical settings in Maharashtra. Using SPSS version 25.0, we examined the data and found significant relationships between variables using chi-square tests. Results A total of 124 therapists responded (81.6%) from which most participants (59.7%) demonstrated average knowledge, while 39.5% had good knowledge. Educational qualification (p = .002) and clinical experience (p = .023) were significantly associated with higher knowledge levels. Gender and age showed no significant impact. Gaps were observed in pharmacological knowledge, infant pain perception, and cultural sensitivity. Although a majority supported proactive pain management, inconsistencies were noted in opioid use and pain assessment. Conclusion Physiotherapists in Maharashtra show a foundational understanding of pediatric pain, yet notable gaps remain. Continued education, standardized protocols, and culturally competent training are essential for improving care.

To assess the clinical utility of 5 physical therapy (PT) outcome measures in quantifying functional changes in pediatric lower extremity chronic pain treated at a hospital-based interdisciplinary rehabilitation center. This was a cross-sectional study with retrospective review of 173 individuals, 8 to 18 years old, treated from June 2008 to 2013. The measures used were the Timed Up and Go, Timed Up and Down Stairs, Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition, 6-minute walk test, and Lower Extremity Functional Scale. Participant performance was correlated with demographic characteristics, the Functional Disability Index, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, Child Depression Inventory, and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Scores from all 5 PT measures showed significant improvement following treatment. Functional Disability Index correlated to every PT measure except the 6-minute walk test. This study supports the clinical use of these PT measures to track functional progress after rehabilitative treatment of lower extremity chronic pain-related disability.