Abstract
Implants fracture is a rare but possible complication that leads to implants failure after prostheses delivery. Mechanical properties play a key role in the failure of dental implant systems. The aim of this narrative review was to evaluate the existing evidence in identifying etiology risk factors for implants fracture. The focused question was to evaluate whether there was any possible factors influencing the fracture of dental implants. A literature search of papers written in English, published from 1967 to July 2021, and reporting incidence of implants fracture in human with at least 15 participants (and one year of follow-up) was conducted using PubMed database including MeSH and free text terms and filters. Selected manuscripts were analyzed and discussed. The outcomes were the incidence of implants failure due to a fracture and the associated risk factors. A total of 96 articles were initially selected, but only eight articles were included according to the search criteria (two systematic reviews and six retrospective evaluation). Incidence of implants fracture ranged from 0.2 to 2.3%, with a mean value of 0.52%. Poor implant planning, including implant design and diameter, and occlusal overloading, were the most common variables associated with implants fracture. Implant removal is the only possible treatment and hence prevention, including stability of the marginal bone loss, is mandatory.
Highlights
Since the discovery of osseointegration by prof
Progressive infections, lack of osseointegration, and implant fractures lead to implants failures [3,4]
Stoichkov and Kirov reported biomechanical overloading as one of the most common variables associated with implant fracture [16]
Summary
Since the discovery of osseointegration by prof. Peter-Ingvar Brånemark, implantology has undergone a considerable evolution allowing the successful treatment of partial and complete edentulism [1]. High implant survival and success rate could be expected thanks to the improvement of surface treatments, implant and prosthetic materials, and geometry of implant body [2]. While the implant procedure is deemed to be safe, having dental implants installed is a surgical procedure. As for any surgical procedure, some risks may be involved. Even if the percentage of patients who end up having problems after receiving implant surgery is small, there are some patients that experienced several major complications, both biological and mechanical. Progressive infections, lack of osseointegration, and implant fractures lead to implants failures [3,4]
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