Abstract
The structure and function of cellular membranes were sustained by redox-enzymes. We studied the interaction between the oxidative stress caused by excessive accumulation of ZnO-nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in plants and the role of redox-enzymes that can alleviate this stress. The crude callus extract from pomegranate, which was treated with 0, 10, and 150 µg mL−1 ZnO-NPs or bulk particles (ZnO-BPs), was applied to study the activity and kinetics of redox-enzymes. The elevated ZnO-NPs, enhanced the lipoxygenase and polyphenol oxidase activity, while the ZnO-BPs did not modify them. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase were induced under ZnO-NPs or BPs treatments, whilst the opposite trend of peroxidase was observed. Ascorbate peroxidase activity increased under ZnO-NPs treatments but decreased under ZnO-BPs. The kinetics activity of enzymes showed changes under different levels of NPs and BPs. Additionally, NPs or BPs treatments reduced the uptake of copper, iron, magnesium, but increased zinc accumulation in callus tissues. Meanwhile, these treatments enhanced the accumulation of manganese ions but did not affect the accumulation of potassium and phosphorous in ZnO-NPs or BPs-stressed calli. Collectively, these results gave a quantitative evaluation of the competition of zinc and other minerals on the carriers, and in addition, they provided a basis for how to control ZnO-NPs or BPs toxicity via redox-enzymes.
Highlights
The structure and function of cellular membranes were sustained by redox-enzymes
These results indicate that callus tissues, exposed to the low level of ZnO-NPs and both levels of ZnO-NPs or bulk particles (ZnO-BPs), may contain sufficient endogenous antioxidants to remove the low reactive oxygen species (ROS) content
The results appeared that NPs or BPs may have a greater affinity for the PPO enzyme–substrate complexes and that the effects of NPs on product formation were greater than the interaction with the substrate–enzyme complexes
Summary
We studied the interaction between the oxidative stress caused by excessive accumulation of ZnO-nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in plants and the role of redox-enzymes that can alleviate this stress. Ascorbate peroxidase activity increased under ZnO-NPs treatments but decreased under ZnO-BPs. The kinetics activity of enzymes showed changes under different levels of NPs and BPs. NPs or BPs treatments reduced the uptake of copper, iron, magnesium, but increased zinc accumulation in callus tissues. NPs or BPs treatments reduced the uptake of copper, iron, magnesium, but increased zinc accumulation in callus tissues These treatments enhanced the accumulation of manganese ions but did not affect the accumulation of potassium and phosphorous in ZnO-NPs or BPs-stressed calli. There are more than 1000 varieties, originating from the Middle East[23], in Egypt, about 8080 hectares planted[24] and an agricultural policy aimed at increasing production by expansion in reclaimed areas
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