Impacts of Uptake and Accumulation of Cd on Double Rice-Paddy Soil by Silicon Fertilizer Continuous Application

Abstract

The impacts of silicon (Si) fertilizers on cadmium (Cd) bioavailability in soil and Cd accumulation in paddy-rice plants were investigated in a field positioning test. The results indicated that the continuous application of 180 kg·hm-2 Si fertilizers improved soil bioavailable Si in paddy-rice fields by 108.1%-275.0% and improved pH values by 1.15-1.33 in soil. The difference in the contents of DTPA-Cd in soil by 12.3% and 15.9% was significant in early and late rice, respectively. The continuous application of silicon promoted the transformation of soil cadmium to a stable form and reduced the contents of exchangeable Cd and carbonate binding state Cd in the soil by 2.6%-5.1% and 8.6%-24.9%. The contents of ferric manganese oxide binding state Cd were increased significantly; meanwhile, the contents of organic binding state Cd and residue state Cd in soil were improved by 2.3%-12.8% and 2.3%-6.0%, respectively. The contents of Cd in the root, shoot, and rice were reduced by 38.4%, 49.7%, and 50.9% in early season rice and by 30.6%, 34.4%, and 39.2% in late season rice, respectively. The absorption factors and translocation factors were reduced significantly by 25.5%-49.6% and 13.5%-52.6%, and the average bioaccumulation factors were decreased by 6.0% and 8.0% in early and late season rice. The powder Si fertilizer had the best results overall. In conclusion, Si fertilizer could reduce the absorption and accumulation in rice; however, the continuous Cd reduction effect of continuous application Si fertilizer was not obvious.