Abstract
In the PILPS 2(e) experiment, the Snow Atmosphere Soil Transfer (SAST) land-surface scheme developed from the Biosphere–Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) showed difficulty in accurately simulating the patterns and quantities of runoff resulting from heavy snowmelt in the high-latitude Torne–Kalix River basin (shared by Sweden and Finland). This difficulty exposes the model deficiency in runoff formations. After representing subsurface runoff and calibrating the parameters, the accuracy of hydrograph prediction improved substantially. However, even with the accurate precipitation and runoff, the predicted soil moisture and its variation were highly “model-dependent”. Knowledge obtained from the experiment is discussed.
Highlights
In the first stage of the PILPS 2(e) experiment, participants were instructed to make calibration-validation runs for two representative subbasins (Ovre Lansjarv and Ovre Abiskojokk) in the Torne – Kalix River basin using 10-year (1989 –1998) streamflow observations, and apply the calibrated model to the entire river basin
In the PILPS 2(e) experiment, the Snow Atmosphere Soil Transfer (SAST) scheme (Jin et al, 1999a; Sun et al, 1999) originally developed for the use of General Circulation Models (GCMs) was modified in runoff formations to improve the hydrograph prediction and was calibrated in vegetation and soil parameters to use the values suggested by the PILPS 2(e) project
We find that to accurately predict hydrographs in the high-latitude Torne –Kalix River basin, runoff formations with medium-range response time are needed in the model
Summary
In the first stage of the PILPS 2(e) experiment, participants were instructed to make calibration-validation runs for two representative subbasins (Ovre Lansjarv and Ovre Abiskojokk) in the Torne – Kalix River basin using 10-year (1989 –1998) streamflow observations, and apply the calibrated model to the entire river basin. The goals of these intercomparison experiments are specified (WCRP, 1999) as to: (1) quantify the accuracy with which current landsurface schemes represent high-latitude land processes; (2) provide information about pathways for. The accuracy of runoff prediction of the calibrated model was verified well in the extended applications to the entire Torne – Kalix River basin (see the overview papers: Bowling et al, 2003-this issue; Nijssen et al, 2003-this issue)
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