Impacts of environmental awareness on enterprise behaviors in Vietnam

To this day, there is a dearth of published research on environmental awareness, attitudes and behaviour in the Arabian Gulf, and there is no systematic data regarding the value people place on the environment. Understanding the operating social and political context, community values, and potential incentives in the face of environmental change is crucial for designing appropriate intervention measures and informing environmental policy of the region (Moran, 2010; Schultz & Kaiser, 2012). By narrowing the focus down to university-educated youth in Qatar, this paper aims to bridge the gap between reported environmental attitudes and actual behaviour by evaluating different factors that could motivate the younger generation to become more involved in Qatar's environmental conservation efforts and lead to a more sustainable social and economic growth. Ajzen's (1991) Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) is employed as the main conceptual framework, hypothesising attitudes, perceived behavioural control and social norms as predictive of pro-environmental behaviour. For the purposes of this study, the model was expanded to consider childhood activities in nature, education, and proximity to an environmental issue as additional factors that are deemed relevant for predicting pro-environmental behaviour. To test the hypothesised correlation between the different factors and environmental behaviour, a close-ended questionnaire was administered to 299 Qatar University undergraduate students in May 2016, with series of questions regarding their time spent in nature, environmental attitudes, social pressure to behave pro-environmentally and whether they feel in control over their actions. Statistical analyses of the gathered data revealed partial applicability of the theoretical model for understanding environmental behaviour, with several factors of the original TPB model (namely attitudes, positive social norms and internal locus of control) as well as supplementary factors (childhood time in nature and university-level education) emerging as significant predictors of pro-environmental behaviour. In addition, analysis of open-ended questions revealed religion and governmental incentives as additional factors that have the potential to motivate students into more pro-environmental behaviour. A general lack of awareness was reported by the respondents, who often blamed ignorance for people's unwillingness to act more pro-environmentally in their daily lives. Although the respondents held overwhelmingly pro-environmental attitudes, their willingness to engage in pro-environmental behaviour was not as evident, due to several factors at play. The paper concludes by suggesting ways how those factors can be utilised to help shape the environmental behaviour of younger generations; however, it also warns that only by bridging the gulf between academic research and policy-making can the gulf between stated environmental values and actual behaviour be truly overpassed.

<p>This article explores the role of personal values and environmental attitudes as antecedents of environmental behavior in handicraft enterprises in Oaxaca and Guanajuato, Mexico. Elaborating on the value-belief norm theory (VBN), the theory of reasoned action (TRA), and the theory of planned behavior (TPB), we analyze survey data obtained from 72 handicraft enterprises using structural equation modeling. Our results show that self-transcendent and openness personal values positively and significantly impact the environmental attitudes of handicraft owners/managers as expected according to the (VBN). However, the TRA and the TPB do not explain environmental behavior in these enterprises.</p>

The purpose of this study is twofold: First, it tests the role of students’ environmental awareness and climate change awareness in their environmental protective behavior and environment quality (EQ). Second, it tests the mediating role of environmental protective behaviors in the association between environment behavior, climate change behavior, and environment quality. Moreover, this study utilizes climate-friendly behaviors and pro-environmental behaviors to reflect environmental protective behaviors. The stratified random sampling technique was applied to collect data through a questionnaire from a sample of 403 graduate students enrolled in Higher Education Commission-recognized private and public universities of Pakistan. This study applied partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to empirically estimate the results. This study found that climate change awareness significantly and positively affects climate-friendly behavior, environmental quality, and pro-environmental behavior. Similarly, environmental awareness significantly and positively affects environmental quality and pro-environmental behavior. Moreover, pro-environmental behavior significantly affects environmental quality. Indirect results indicate that pro-environmental behavior significantly mediates between climate change awareness and environmental quality, and between environmental awareness and environmental quality. The findings of this study suggest the importance of enhancing awareness of climate- and climate change-related issues among students to save the environment. Higher education institutions should design subjects and courses that will raise environmental and climate change awareness, and expose students to climate- and environment-friendly education.

In recent years, the environmental conditions in China have continued to deteriorate, and the pressure of environmental pollution and ecological deterioration has also increased. To strengthen environmental protection work, we must not only pay attention to the natural causes of environmental pollution but also find the social causes of its occurrence. Only in this way can environmental protection and social construction promote each other and develop together. The relationship between the public’s environmental protection awareness (including environmental protection knowledge and environmental awareness) and environmental behavior is a research problem with important theoretical and practical significance. Based on the perspective of planned behavior theory, this paper derives the following research hypothesis: the more the public’s knowledge of environmental protection, the deeper their understanding of the importance of environmental issues, which will directly promote the public’s adoption of environmental behavior. The richer the environmental behavior, the more likely it will affect the environmental cognition that includes the two dimensions of subjective psychological will and the perception of environmental pollution, and then the environmental behavior. The state of the public’s environmental cognition will also directly affect the environmental behavior. This paper analyzes China’s CGSS2013 data, and the results show that there is a correlation between environmental protection awareness and environmental behavior. In addition, environmental protection awareness has a greater impact on private environmental behavior than on public environmental behavior.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating role of university environmental performance in the relationship between students’ environmental awareness and behavior, with a particular focus on the imperative for universities to adopt comprehensive sustainability frameworks. Design/methodology/approach Using a quantitative research methodology, the study administered a survey to 775 undergraduate students from diverse academic departments at a public university. The survey aimed to assess students’ environmental awareness, behaviors and perceptions of university environmental performance. The Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Friedman test were applied, and a simple moderation analysis was performed. Findings The results indicate that environmental awareness significantly influences students’ environmental behaviors. Crucially, the perception of environmental performance moderates the relationship between environmental awareness and behavior. The relationship between environmental awareness and environmental behaviors becomes stronger when environmental performance increases. Research limitations/implications While the scope of this research is limited to a single institution, potentially limiting the generalizability of the findings, future studies could extend this investigation to multiple universities to confirm and expand upon these results. Originality/value This research contributes to the existing body of literature by emphasizing the critical role universities play in cultivating students’ environmental awareness and behaviors, and it underscores the importance of institutional environmental performance in promoting sustainable practices within academic environments. Although previous research has explored environmental awareness and behavior, this study offers a unique contribution as it establishes a connection between the awareness-behavior gap and environmental performance.

BackgroundPeople worldwide are concerned with the possibility of climate change, microplastics, air pollution, and extreme weather affecting human health. Countries are implementing measures to reduce environmental impacts. Nurses play a vital role, primarily through Green Teams, in the process of promoting sustainable practices and minimizing the environmental footprint of health care facilities. Despite existing knowledge on this topic, assessing nurses’ environmental awareness and behavior, including the barriers they face, is crucial with regard to improving sustainable health care practices.AimTo analyze the environmental awareness and behavior of nurses, especially nurse leaders, as members of the Green Team and to identify areas for improvement with regard to the creation of a sustainable environment.MethodsA sequential mixed-method study was conducted to investigate Spanish nurses. The study utilized an online survey and interviews, including participant observation. An online survey was administered to collect quantitative data regarding environmental awareness and behavior. Qualitative interviews were conducted with environmental nurses in specific regions, with a focus on Andalusia, Spain.ResultsMost of the surveyed nurses (N = 314) exhibited moderate environmental awareness (70.4%), but their environmental behavior and activities in the workplace were limited (52.23% of participants rarely performed relevant actions, and 35.03% indicated that doing so was difficult). Nurses who exhibited higher levels of environmental awareness were more likely to engage in sustainable behaviors such as waste reduction, energy conservation, and environmentally conscious purchasing decisions (p < 0.05). Additionally, the adjusted model indicated that nurses’ environmental behavior and activities in the workplace depend on the frequency of their environmental behaviors outside work as well as their sustainable knowledge (p < 0.01). The results of the qualitative study (N = 10) highlighted certain limitations in their daily practices related to environmental sustainability, including a lack of time, a lack of bins and the pandemic. Additionally, sustainable environmental behavior on the part of nursing leadership and the Green Team must be improved.ConclusionsThis study revealed that most nurses have adequate knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to environmental sustainability both inside and outside the workplace. Limitations were associated with their knowledge and behaviors outside of work. This study also highlighted the barriers and difficulties that nurses face in their attempts to engage in adequate environmental behaviors in the workplace. Based on these findings, interventions led by nurses and the Green Team should be developed to promote sustainable behaviors among nurses and address the barriers and limitations identified in this research.Graphical

An important issue for entrepreneurship today is to increase the entrepreneurial intention of a country’s productive age groups, including Generation Z. This research seeks to explore key components of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) to explain the entrepreneurial intention and behavior of Generation Z in Indonesia. This study employed a quantitative method. The data was collected through a questionnaire distributed using a purposive sampling technique, and a total of 713 respondents were participated in this study. Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to analyze the data. The results confirm that the TPB can predict the entrepreneurial intention and behavior of Generation Z in Indonesia, demonstrating that the attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control all have a positive influence on the entrepreneurial intention, as do the attitude and perceived behavioral control on the entrepreneurial behavior. Further, entrepreneurial intention has been shown to mediate the positive relationship between attitude, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial behavior among Generation Z in Indonesia.JEL: E24, E220, I25, I140.

Public environmental facilities: Hygiene factors for tourists' environmental behaviour

In literature, large performance discrepancies have been found for comparable buildings. Moreover, often a large gap between predicted and actual building performance has been observed. The underlying reason for these phenomena is in many cases user behavior. Buildings may have become more efficient, but user behavior can easily offset potential efficiency gains.User behaviors have been and still are puzzling researchers. A key question remains how individual factors like knowledge, awareness or attitude relate to behaviors; commonly known as attitude-behavior gap. Anecdotal findings suggest that mindfulness is associated with closing this gap. Mindfulness is usually defined as an enhanced awareness of and attention to what is currently taking place. It may be important to disengage individuals from automatic thoughts, habits, and behavioral patterns. Mindfulness may facilitate behaviors which are consistent with one’s attitudes, values, and beliefs. This paper investigates the effects of environmental awareness and mindfulness on environmental real estate user behaviors at home and at work.A pre-test study has been conducted among students and evaluated with structural equation modeling. Preliminary findings revealed that mindfulness positively affects environmental awareness as well as environmental behaviors at home and at work. Other sustainable consumption patterns positively affect environmental behaviors as well, suggesting that “green” individuals also behave accordingly in buildings. Additionally, the context seems to influence behaviors, since environmental real estate user behaviors can be rather observed at home. One possible explanation is that occupants do not pay for utilities at the office. Nevertheless, the results imply that until environmental real estate user behaviors become the societal default, their enactment depends on mindful and environmentally aware individuals. In a next step, a study using a representative sample of the German population will be conducted to test for support of the findings.The contributions of this article are twofold. Firstly, it is one of the first articles to assess whether the same individual behaves differently depending on the context. Secondly, the article contributes to the existing literature in the field of building energy and water conservation by offering evidence that mindfulness as well as environmental awareness affect environmental real estate user behaviors.

With the increasing rise of green consumption concepts, consumers are becoming more concerned with the health and environmental attributes of products. However, research on purchase intentions for green-packaged organic foods remains relatively limited, particularly regarding the specific impact of health consciousness and environmental awareness. There is a clear gap in the literature addressing these factors. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study constructs a relationship model between health consciousness, environmental awareness, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and purchase intentions for green-packaged organic foods. A total of 372 valid survey samples were collected, and data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 28.0 software to validate the theoretical model and research hypotheses. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis reveals that all hypotheses are significantly supported, and the model demonstrates good fit. Mediation effect analysis further reveals the impact of health consciousness and environmental awareness on purchase intentions, indicating that they influence consumer intentions indirectly through attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Health consciousness and environmental awareness not only significantly affect consumers' purchase intentions for green-packaged organic foods through direct paths but also have important indirect effects through attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. This study provides a new perspective for the theoretical development of green consumer behavior and offers valuable practical insights for businesses and policymakers in promoting green consumption and sustainable products.

This study adopts the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework to examine the effect of the government-initiated Entrepreneurship Student Program (ESP) on the entrepreneurial intentions and behavior of students. In addition, the research also examines the market information adequacy and standard psychological components of TPB, namely attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control as predictor variables. Data are collected from 208 university students in Semarang, Indonesia, with the Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique employed for analysis. The result shows that ESP and the adequacy of market information directly influence the entrepreneurial behavior of Indonesian students, while the influence of attitudes and perceived behavior control is mediated by entrepreneurial intention. In conclusion, this study implies that ESP can be considered effective in preparing and facilitating entrepreneurship among university students, therefore the government needs to consider increasing its availability to cover a larger number of universities in Indonesia.

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the complex interrelationships between emotional intelligence (EI), personality traits, environmental awareness, and environmental behaviors in coastal communities of Malaysia. The research objectives encompass examining direct effects and mediating relationships among these psychological factors and environmental outcomes. Methodology: Employing a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 285 respondents through questionnaires measuring EI, personality, environmental awareness, and environmental behavior. The analysis utilized SmartPLS for structural equation modeling, with a focus on measurement validation and hypothesis testing through bootstrapping techniques. Results: Findings revealed significant positive relationships across multiple pathways: EI demonstrated strong correlations with personality, environmental awareness, and environmental behavior, while personality exhibited positive effects on both environmental awareness and behavior. The study confirmed personality’s mediating role between EI and environmental variables, with significant indirect effects on awareness and behavior. Discussion: These results underscore the crucial role of psychological factors in shaping environmental consciousness and behavior. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive examination of the interplay between emotional and personality factors in the context of environmental attitudes and behaviors, specifically within coastal communities. This study improves upon existing literature by integrating EI into the framework of environmental psychology and highlighting its indirect effects through personality traits. The findings suggest that environmental education programs should incorporate both emotional intelligence and personality considerations when designing interventions to promote sustainable practices in coastal areas, offering a more nuanced approach to environmental conservation efforts.

There is an increasing concern over the environmental degradation caused by agricultural activities especially in developing countries which mostly linked to farmer's behavior. Thus, this study aimed to model the responsible attitude and behavior of Iranian farmers in respect to environment. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was used as a basis for identification of the main determinants of the farmers' responsible environmental behavior. A survey of 400 farmers in the Hamedan Province, selected through a multistage stratified random sampling method. Data was gathered using a questionnaire which its validity and reliability were confirmed by a panel of agricultural and environmental experts and calculated Cronbach's alpha (0.65 ≤ α ≤ 0.80), respectively. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate the strength of relationship between the constructs and test the overall model fit. Results of study showed that "using animal manure in the farms" was the most important behavior which farmers are responsibly doing to respect their environment but their least attention is given to "disposing cans and bottles after spraying." Also, the fitness indices of the model revealed that the TPB partially supported the farmers' responsible environmental behavior as perceived behavioral control and environmental attitude positively influenced the farmers' responsible environmental behavior but there was not observed any significant influence by subjective norm. Among the additional incorporated constructs, environmental awareness, ethical commitment, and environmental concern significantly had a positive influence on farmers' behavior by mediating role of the environmental attitude. The inclusion of new constructs in the TPB model was supported through improving the predictive power of the modified model in predicting farmers' responsible environmental behavior.

PurposeAround the world, people are turning to sustainable solutions to stop environmental destruction. Among its many solutions to environmental degradation and sustainability are hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs). However, this area remains not much explored in the Indian context. Therefore, this study aims to explore the factors influencing the intention to adopt HFCVs, particularly within the Indian context.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through a questionnaire employing a five-point Likert scale. A total of 310 responses were received, but only 273 were included in the final analysis. Furthermore, the analysis was conducted using “partial least squares structural equation modeling” with SmartPLS 4 software.FindingsThe results revealed that among six attitudinal variables, four of them, i.e. high initial cost (IC), limited driving range (LDR), reliability and environmental awareness, have a significant impact on shaping the attitude of consumers. However, technological innovation (TI) and perceived long-term cost savings do not significantly impact attitude. Additionally, the result also revealed that subjective norm, attitude and perceived behavior control have a significant positive effect on adoption intention towards HFCVs, theorizing on the theory of planned behavior (TPB).Research limitations/implicationsJust like other studies, this study is not free from limitations. The first limitation pertains to the generalizability issue since this study has been conducted in the Indian context. Therefore, future researchers should replicate the same proposed model in other countries and contexts in order to understand the adoption of e-vehicles. Secondly, the study majorly focuses on attitudinal factors without having included the external factors that can significantly impact the adoption intention. Future studies are recommended to take into account external factors such as government schemes and policies that have the capability of enhancing the adoption rates. This would facilitate having a comprehensive understanding. Third, pertaining to the constraints of research methodology, the data have been collected at a single point of time; hence, longitudinal research design should be adopted in the future in order to understand the trends and movements.Practical implicationsThe study provides valuable insights for businesses and governments aiming to cater towards sustainability. Businesses engaged in developing HFCVs can use this model in order to understand the factors influencing the adoption intention and work towards addressing the concerns of high IC, LDR and promoting long-term cost savings and environmental benefits. Such insights can become a base for developing the marketing campaigns that aim at positively influencing the consumer attitudes, thereby increasing the adoption rates. Furthermore, government and policymakers can use this model to further advance the policies, introduce incentives, provide subsidies, invest in infrastructure to support HFCV adoption and build an efficient HFCV ecosystem.Social implicationsThere are several theoretical implications of this study that will enrich the existing knowledge on HFCV adoption intention. Firstly, the study used TPB, which has been built as a psychological framework to predict and understand human behavior. Hence, using TPB in this study would facilitate to predict and understand the intention of consumers towards adoption of HFCVs. Secondly, six attitudinal variables have been incorporated in this study, namely TI, high IC, LDR, reliability, environmental awareness and perceived long-term cost savings, along with 2 more independent variables, i.e. subjective norms and perceived control behavior. All these factors have been tested empirically as well as reported, which will further help in enhancing the insights about HFCV adoption. Therefore, a holistic and comprehensive view has been presented by the analyzing the factors in this study and growing the literature pertaining to HFCV adoption.Originality/valueThe novelty of this research lies in understanding the role of attitudinal factors by extending the TPB. Additionally, the study aims to investigate future intentions regarding the intention to adopt HFCVs in the Indian context.

PurposeAlthough entrepreneurial behaviour is considered a key element for economic development, yet very less is known about the determinants of factors leading towards entrepreneurial intention and behaviour. In order to bridge this gap, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of social support and entrepreneurial skills in determining entrepreneurial behaviour of individuals. Developing on the base of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this study investigates the relationship between social support, entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial behaviour along with existing constructs of the TPB (i.e. attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and entrepreneurial intention).Design/methodology/approachData was collected from 281 respondents using a simple random sampling method, and the variance-based partial least-squares, structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach was used for testing the proposed conceptual model.FindingsFindings of this study have validated the proposed model, which have an explanatory power of 68.3 per cent. Moreover, findings reveal that social support and entrepreneurial skills have a significant impact on entrepreneurial intention of individuals. However, an unanticipated and non-significant relation between subjective norms and entrepreneurial intention is also found.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the limited scope of this study, a multi-group analysis is not possible, which is considered as a limitation of this study. Moreover, due to time constraints, this study is conducted within a specified time-frame; however, a longitudinal study over a period of three to six years can overcome this limitation.Practical implicationsFindings of this study are expected to have substantial implications for policy makers, future researchers and academicians. Outcomes of this study can help to better understand the cognitive phenomenon of nascent entrepreneurs. Moreover, it is expected that this study can serve as a torch-bearer for policy makers to develop better entrepreneurial development programmes, policies and initiatives for promoting self-employment behaviour.Originality/valueFindings of this study are a unique step forward and offer new insights towards a better understanding of the determinants of entrepreneurial behaviour. Moreover, this study extends Ajzen’s (1991) TPB in the context of entrepreneurial behaviour. By introducing and investigating the impact of two new variables, i.e. social support and entrepreneurial skills in the TPB and by validating the proposed model with PLS-SEM approach, this study makes a sizeable theoretical, methodological and contextual contribution in the overall body of knowledge.