Impact of tunnel lighting on traffic emissions based on VR experiment and car-following method

In order to study the energy-saving of highway tunnel lighting experimentally with low cost, a similar tunnel model was designed and used for the lighting experiment. Yanlieshan highway tunnel was selected as the study object. On the basis of the tunnel structure sizes (TSS) and the selected LED lamps, the optimized symmetric lamp installation parameters (OSLIPs) for energy-saving were obtained with the lighting parameters optimization model (LPOM) on symmetric lamp distribution (SLD) from reference. Based on the TSS and the OSLIPs, a simulation experiment of the tunnel lighting was accomplished with DIALux. A similar tunnel model was designed and built according to the TSS and similarity theory, and a tunnel model lighting experiment with SLD was carried out. The road-surface-illuminance (RSI) data of the tunnel model lighting experiment were compared with the simulation experiment results. The comparison of horizontal RSI from the two methods coincide well, which proves the LPOM is correct, the lighting experimental study with similar tunnel model is feasible and the experiment method in this study is valid.