Impact of transfer to reference centres and surgical timing on the prognosis of surgically treated patients with infective endocarditis: a prospective multi-centre cohort study

Abstract

ObjectivesTo compare outcomes in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) first treated in secondary hospitals and then transferred to reference centres for surgery with those in patients diagnosed in reference centres, and to evaluate the impact of surgery timing on prognosis. MethodsAnalysis of a prospective cohort of patients with active IE admitted to three reference centres between 1996 and 2022 who underwent cardiac surgery in the first month after diagnosis. Multi-variable analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of transfer to reference centres and time to surgery on 30-day mortality. Adjusted ORs with 95% CIs were calculated. ResultsAmongst 703 patients operated on for IE, 385 (54.8%) were referred cases. All-cause 30-day mortality did not differ significantly between referred patients and those diagnosed at reference centres (102/385 [26.5%] vs. 78/385 [24.5%], respectively; p 0.552). Variables independently associated with 30-day mortality in the whole cohort were diabetes (OR, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.15–2.69]), chronic kidney disease (OR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.08–3.10]), Staphylococcus aureus (OR, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.18–2.98]), septic shock (OR, 2.76 [95% CI, 1.67–4.57]), heart failure (OR, 1.41 [95% CI, 0.85–2.11]), acute renal failure before surgery (OR, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.15–2.69]), and the interaction between transfer to reference centres and surgery timing (OR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.03–1.35]). Amidst referred patients, time from diagnosis to surgery longer than a week was independently associated with 30-day mortality (OR, 2.19 [95% CI, 1.30–3.69]; p 0.003). ConclusionAmong referred patients, surgery performed >7 days after diagnosis was associated with two-fold higher 30-day mortality.