Abstract
Although researchers have investigated the impact of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phases on human lives, only a few have examined such impacts on fisheries. In this study, we analyzed the influence of negative (positive) IOD phases on chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentrations as an indicator of phytoplankton biomass and small pelagic fish production in the eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) off Java. We also conducted field surveys in the EIO off Palabuhanratu Bay at the peak (October) and the end (December) of the 2019 positive IOD phase. Our findings show that the Chl-a concentration had a strong and robust association with the 2016 (2019) negative (positive) IOD phases. The negative (positive) anomalous Chl-a concentration in the EIO off Java associated with the negative (positive) IOD phase induced strong downwelling (upwelling), leading to the preponderant decrease (increase) in small pelagic fish production in the EIO off Java.
Highlights
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is well-known as a dominant mode of interannual climate variability that develops from air–sea interactions in the Indian Ocean
With anomalously low sea surface temperatures (SST) associated with strong upwelling in the eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) off Java–Sumatra and high SST in the western Indian Ocean, it is known as the IOD positive phases
We evaluated the strength of the time-lagged relationship between IOD and chlorophyll a (Chl-a), as well as between Chl-a and small pelagic fish production, implementing the statistical cross-correlation analysis
Summary
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is well-known as a dominant mode of interannual climate variability that develops from air–sea interactions in the Indian Ocean. With anomalously low sea surface temperatures (SST) associated with strong upwelling in the eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) off Java–Sumatra and high SST in the western Indian Ocean, it is known as the IOD positive phases (pIOD). Featuring opposite anomalies over a similar region are the IOD negative phases (nIOD) [1,2,3]. The pIOD events have become stronger and more frequent, since the 1960s [4,5]. The publications by Abram et al [4].
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