Abstract
In this work, we study the influence of the magnetic proximity effect (MPE) in Pt on the total magnetic moment of thin film trilayer systems consisting of the ferromagnet (FM) Co adjacent to the heavy metals (HMs) Pt and Ta. We investigate the trilayer systems HM1/FM/HM2 with different stacking order as well as a reference bilayer without any MPE. X-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity (XRMR) is a powerful tool to probe induced magnetism, especially when buried at interfaces in a multilayer. By using XRMR, we are able to obtain magnetic depth profiles of the structural, optical and magnetic parameters. By fitting the experimental data with a Gaussian-like magnetooptic profile taking the structural roughness at the interface into account, we can extract the magnetic moment of the spin-polarized layer. Comparing the obtained moments to the measured total moment of the sample, we can determine the impact of the MPE on the total magnetic moment of the system. Such information can be critical for analyzing spin transport experiments, including spin-orbit torque and spin Hall angle measurements, where the saturation magnetization Ms has to be taken into account. Therefore, by combining magnetization measurements and XRMR methods we were able to get a complete picture of the magnetic moment distribution in these trilayer systems containing spin-polarized Pt.
Highlights
In the recent years, materials with large spin Hall angle such as Ta, Pt, W etc. have been widely used in spintronics
A spin-orbit torque (SOT)16–19 induced by the spin Hall effect acts on the FM magnetization
To calculate SOT switching efficiencies and spin Hall angle of the heavy metals (HMs), it is essential to know the magnetic moment of the FM
Summary
Materials with large spin Hall angle such as Ta, Pt, W etc. have been widely used in spintronics. Various spintronic effects, such as the (inverse) spin Hall effect, spin-pumping, the spin Seeback effect and spin Hall magnetoresistance utilize systems consisting of heavy metal (HM)/ferromagnet (FM) In such a system, a spin-orbit torque (SOT) induced by the spin Hall effect acts on the FM magnetization. In HM/FM systems the magnetic proximity effect (MPE) can occur and contribute to the total magnetic moment. This effect arises when the HM is close to the Stoner criterion. After addition of the extracted Pt magnetic moment to the literature Co values, we compare the result with the VSM-measured total magnetic moment of the samples and get excellent agreement. This demonstrates that the spin-polarized Pt should be taken into account when analyzing spin transport data using the total magnetic moment of the sample
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