Impact of Technological Advances on Type 2 Diabetes and Its Effect on Mental Health: A Perspective

The impact of technology on people's lives is enormous, because of the impact of social change that is felt by the whole layer of society, both in the city and in the countryside, not only among adults but also among early children. If the use of technology is inappropriate, then it will bring problems to the lives of the community and in particular make the old people. The study aims to learn about the Muslim family methods regarding the impact of technological advances in the era of Industry 4.0 on early childhood in Surakarta. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The study finds that the methods applied by the majority of 10 Muslim families regarding the negative impact of digital technology advances in the era of Industry 4.0 on children aged 4-7 in Surakarta, are preventive methods, methods of surveillance, freeing children to play outdoors with peers, selective in choosing appropriate applications for children, being a good example for kids, and giving time limits for children to use technology. In conclusion, this research illuminates the proactive steps taken by Muslim families in Surakarta to navigate the challenges posed by technological advancements. By adopting a range of preventive measures and promoting a balanced approach, these families strive to ensure a positive impact on the lives of their early childhood members amidst the ever-evolving landscape of Industry 4.0.

Technological advance in industry has complexity, divisibility, systematicity and market selectivity, and companies may generate technological investment expansion and form technological job demand, which may also lead to the occupation of company resources and trigger the replacement of the original jobs. This paper empirically examines the impact of technological advance in industry on the labour employment demand of companies by taking Chinese A-share listed companies as research samples from 2008 to 2022, and finds that: overall technological advance in industry has a suppressive effect on the labour employment demand of companies; The heterogeneity test shows that industrial technological advancement mainly produces inhibitory effects on the labour employment of low-education level employees and production sectors, while it produces incentive effects on the labour employment of high-education level employees and non-production sectors Industrial technological advancement mainly produces job substitution and destructive effects on the labour employment of low-education level employees and production sectors, while it produces incentive effects on the labour employment of high-education level employees and non-production sectors. Mechanism test shows that industrial technological advancement has incentive effects such as technology investment expansion effect and industry chain conduction effect, and also produces inhibitory effects such as enterprise resource occupation effect and employment delay effect. This paper extends the research on the impact of industrial technological advances on the labour employment demand of companies, and provides empirical evidence and policy insights for rationally arranging industrial structural transformation and labour employment decisions of companies in the context of 'stable employment'.

Since the invention of sound reproduction in the late 19th century, studio practices in musical recording evolved in parallel with technological improvements. Recently, digital technology and Internet file sharing led to the delocalization of professional recording studios and the decline of traditional record companies. A direct consequence of this new paradigm is that studio professions found themselves in a transitional phase, needing to be reinvented. To understand the scope of these recent technological advances, we first offer an overview of musical recording culture and history and show how studio recordings became a sophisticated form of musical artwork that differed from concert representations. We then trace the economic evolution of the recording industry through technological advances and present positive and negative impacts of the decline of the traditional business model on studio practices and professions. Finally, we report findings from interviews with six world‐renowned record producers reflecting on their recording approaches, the impact of recent technological advances on their careers, and the future of their profession. Interviewees appreciate working on a wider variety of projects than they have in the past, but they all discuss trade‐offs between artistic expectations and budget constraints in the current paradigm. Our investigations converge to show that studio professionals have adjusted their working settings to the new economic situation, although they still rely on the same aesthetic approaches as in the traditional business model to produce musical recordings.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) represent two global health challenges with a high degree of co-occurrence. Here, we aim to investigate the causal relationship between MDD and T2D in diverse ancestries using Mendelian randomization (MR) in GWAS summary statistic and individual level (UK Biobank (UKB)) data. We assessed the bi-directional causal relationship between: (a) MDD and T2D and (b) MDD and glycaemic biomarkers (e.g. TG:HDL-C ratio, a measure of insulin resistance, fasting glucose) in non-diabetic individuals. In UKB we also tested the role of T2D on treatment resistant depression (TRD). We used multivariable MR (MVMR) to assess the role of body mass index (BMI) in the MDD to T2D relationship. Our results demonstrated that a doubling in MDD genetic liability was associated with 1.14 higher odds of T2D (95% CI:1.09, 1.19), whilst a doubling in T2D genetic liability associated with 1.02 higher odds of MDD (95% CI:1.01, 1.03). Consistent effect estimates were observed in the UKB when stratifying by sex and suggested a role for T2D in TRD. T2D GWAS derived clusters of genetic variants highlighted the importance of specific pathways in the MDD relationship, including variants raising T2D risk via body fat (OR:1.04; 95% CI:1.02, 1.06), obesity mediated insulin resistance (OR:1.06; 95% CI:1.04, 1.09) and residual glycaemic (OR: 1.02; 95% CI:1.00, 1.04) pathways. MVMR with BMI attenuated the bidirectional relationship between MDD and T2D, particularly from MDD to T2D. Genetic liability to MDD was also associated with higher TG:HDL-C ratio in individuals without T2D (β:0.11; 95% CI:0.08, 0.14). We provide evidence of bidirectional causal association between MDD and T2D, with MDD strongly predicting insulin resistance and T2D. T2D predicted both MDD and TRD and highlighted the importance of obesity and body fat pathways in the T2D to MDD relationship.

Objective To investigate the mental health and coping styles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and analyze the relationship between mental health and coping skills.Methods A total of 167 type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled in the study [including 94 male and 73 female,aged 22 to 80 years,mean age:(57.93 ± 13.02) years].SCL90 (Symptom Checklist90) and coping style questionnaire (CSQ) were used to evaluate mental health and coping styles,respectively.Information on patient age,gender,disease duration,complications,glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and treatment were collected.The demographic and glycemic data were also studied.Finally,the risk factors associated with mental health and the relationship between mental health and coping style were statistically analyzed.Results 32.3％ (54/167) patients with type 2 diabetes had mental health problems.Somatization disorder,obsessive-compulsive symptom and interpersonal sensitivity were the most common morbidities (16.8％,15.6％,15.6％,x2=38.8,P ＜0.01).Compared with patients without mental health problems,patients with immature coping style had higher scores in the questionnaire,including self-accusation [(4.50 ± 3.00)vs.(2.48 ± 2.18),P ＜0.01],avoidance [(5.63 ± 2.40) vs.(4.88 ± 2.09),P ＜0.01] and rationalization [(5.83 ± 2.40)vs.(4.88 ± 2.09),P ＜0.01].Conclusions Type 2 diabetic patient have more mental health problems,and the immature coping style have an opposite influence on mental health.Therefore,physicians should pay more attention to the early assessment and intervention of mental health in type 2 diabetics. Key words: Type 2 diabetes mellitus ; Mental health ; Coping style

Introduction: Mental health comorbidities are common in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The magnitude of mental health comorbidities in youth with T2D and possible protective factors against comorbidities, remain unclear, as previous studies have not compared outcomes with population-based samples or included measures of resilience. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 178 Indigenous youth (15 yrs IQR: 13-17 yrs) with T2D from the iCARE cohort study and 270 randomly sampled population-based controls (15-24 yrs), from the Canadian Community Health Survey - Mental Health Component. Overall positive mental health and flourishing were assessed with the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form. Depression, anxiety and severe mental illness (SMI) were assessed with the Kessler Distress Scale. Measures of resilience were assessed in youth with T2D using the 64-question Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents. Results: Youth with T2D, were more likely to be female (65 vs. 49%), Indigenous (96 vs. 29%), live remotely (70 vs. 26%) and within a low income neighbourhood (p<0.0001 for all characteristics). After adjusting for these differences, youth living with T2D displayed lower positive mental health (-11.0, 95%CI: -13.3, -8.6), higher distress (3.53, 95% CI: 2.76, 4.29) and higher depression scores (2.76, 95% CI: 2.19, 3.32). Youth with T2D were also more likely to have SMI (aOR: 5.81, 95% CI: 2.2, 15.4) and are less likely to be flourishing (aOR 0.27, 95%CI: 0.18, 0.41) compared to population based controls. A sense of mastery and relatedness were associated with higher positive mental health and less depression and anxiety in youth with T2D. Conclusion: Youth with T2D live with a profound degree of mental health comorbidities relative to the general population of in Manitoba, Canada. Future studies are required to address the specific mental health needs youth with T2D and determined best clinical care practices. Disclosure J. Mcgavock: None. B. Wicklow: None. E. Sellers: None. K. Kroeker: None. T. Blydt-Hansen: None. A. Dart: None. Funding Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Diabetes Canada; Research Manitoba

PurposeChinese Americans face disproportionately higher rates of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and co-occurring mental health challenges. Little is known about how they perceive mental health care during their journey with diabetes. This study aimed to provide an in-depth exploration of mental health care perceptions in this population.Patients and MethodsTwo focus group discussions involving 12 participants were conducted in Mandarin. Participants were purposively sampled from a previous survey of Chinese immigrants with T2D who reported co-occurring mental health challenges and were recruited through referrals from primary care practices and community-based organizations in New York City. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis.ResultsThe participants in this study ranged in age from 45 to 67 years. Most were female, married, and had low educational attainment (less than a college education) and low annual household incomes (less than USD $25,000). All participants were first-generation Chinese immigrants with limited English proficiency and had health insurance. HbA1c levels ranged from 6.5% to 12.6%. Depressive symptoms and elevated stress were the most commonly reported mental health issues in this sample. Data analysis revealed five categories related to participants’ perceptions of mental health care: 1) interactions between mental health and T2D, 2) barriers to accessing mental health care, 3) facilitators of accessing mental health care, 4) coping strategies for mental health challenges, and 5) preferences for mental health services.ConclusionThis study suggests the complex interactions between T2D and mental health issues among Chinese Americans. The findings indicate that seeking professional mental health services is uncommon among many individuals in this population and highlight several barriers and facilitators to access. The findings also suggest directions for future interventions to support mental health among Chinese Americans with T2D. Addressing mental health needs through effective interventions is essential for providing comprehensive care to this underserved population. Future research should explore the role of stigma in mental health-seeking behaviors, as well as design and assess the effectiveness of mental health interventions for Chinese Americans with T2D.

The Official Journal of ATTD Advanced Technologies & Treatments for Diabetes Conference 22‐25 February 2023 I Berlin & Online

School engagement and mental health are frequently linked, but within-person associations over time are largely unstudied. Emerging statistical techniques can better gauge how longitudinal changes in school engagement or mental health influence individual-level outcomes. Two cohorts of students (recruited in 2017 or 2018) in 5 Los Angeles high schools completed baseline surveys at the high school transition and 3 annual follow-up surveys through 11th grade. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models explored the strength and directionality of associations between school engagement (Student Engagement Instrument) and mental health (Mental Health Inventory). Among 431 participants, we observed between-person and within-person correlations between school engagement and mental health. Autoregressive effects of school engagement and mental health on future levels of these variables were identified, with more consistent effects in late high school. A single cross-lagged effect from mental health to school engagement across the high school transition was identified. Decreased school engagement may signal corresponding cross-sectional changes in mental health, presenting opportunities for monitoring and intervention. Changes in school engagement or mental health may influence later within-person changes in these constructs, but associations are likely weaker and less consistent than previously assumed based on techniques that conflate between-person and within-person effects. This study assesses bidirectional and longitudinal relationships between school engagement and mental health among rising high school students. Both school engagement and mental health impacted future levels of these variables with stronger effects observed in the later high school years. Relationships between school engagement and mental health were less frequently observed than in prior studies, with an effect of mental health on future school engagement seen only across the high school transition. Interventions that promote both school engagement and mental health may be particularly beneficial, and the high school transition may be a promising time to leverage these.

Depression and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) are two prevalent and debilitating chronic conditions that often coexist and exhibit a bidirectional relationship. This review paper aims to dissect the causal mechanisms underlying the association between depression and T2D, shedding light on the complex interplay between these two disorders. Epidemiological evidence suggests a robust association between depression and an increased risk of developing T2D, as well as a reciprocal relationship where T2D serves as a risk factor for depression onset. Various biological, psychological, and behavioral mechanisms have been proposed to underlie this bidirectional relationship. Depression is thought to contribute to the development of T2D through dysregulation of neuroendocrine pathways, increased inflammation, alterations in lifestyle behaviors, and poor treatment adherence. Conversely, T2D may exacerbate or precipitate depression through mechanisms involving insulin resistance, hyperglycemia-induced neuronal damage, inflammation, and the impact of chronic illness on psychological well-being. Shared pathophysiological mechanisms between depression and T2D, including dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, insulin signaling pathways, and inflammatory processes, further contribute to their co-occurrence. Psychosocial factors such as socioeconomic status, social support, and access to healthcare also play significant roles in shaping the depression-T2D relationship. Integrated care models that address both physical and mental health needs, along with targeted interventions addressing lifestyle modifications and psychosocial support, are essential for managing these comorbid conditions effectively. Future research directions include longitudinal studies to elucidate temporal associations, intervention trials targeting shared mechanisms, and precision medicine approaches to identify subgroups at heightened risk. Understanding the causal mechanisms underlying the depression-T2D relationship is crucial for informing clinical practice, public health strategies, and the development of personalized interventions aimed at mitigating the burden of these interconnected disorders.

Objective: To examine demographic and mental health diagnostic characteristics for individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and current mental health diagnoses. Methods: The medical records of 397 individuals ages 10-25 with T1D (mean age = 15.3±3.1 years, mean T1D duration = 6.0±4.5 years) who were screened during routine T1D clinic visits for depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were reviewed for current DSM-5 diagnoses, demographic information, and T1D management data. Results: Of those screened, 29% had a mental health diagnosis; 56% had 1 diagnosis, 26% had 2, and 18% had 3+. The most common diagnoses were depression (16% of total screened), anxiety (15%), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (10%). Other diagnoses included mood, learning, and eating disorders. Those with a mental health diagnosis were slightly older and they had higher PHQ-9 scores and higher HbA1c (Table). Sex, race, insulin regimen, continuous glucose monitor use, T1D duration, and insurance were not significantly different. Conclusions: Mental health diagnoses are common in adolescents and young adults with T1D. Those with mental health conditions may experience greater difficulties in T1D management, contributing to higher HbA1c. There is a need to develop tailored interventions to improve T1D management when specific mental health conditions are present. Differences in Characteristics between T1D youth with and without a Mental Health Diagnosis.Mental Health Diagnosis (n=116)No Mental Health Diagnosis (n=281)p-valueAge (years)15.8±2.915.0±3.20.023PHQ-9 Score7.5±6.43.8±4.3<0.001A1C9.88±2.59.17±2.10.004 Disclosure K.R. Stanek: None. S. Majidi: None. E.M. Youngkin: None. J.M. Vogeli: None. K.A. Driscoll: None.

Diabetes Technology and the Human Factor.

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an increasingly common chronic condition, with 2700 new cases being diagnosed in Australian children in 2017 (AIWH, 2019). T1D is associated with a range of negative health outcomes if not well controlled. However, less is known about the impact on mental health. One robust finding in T1D research is that changes in parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) function predicts the onset of Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy (DAN; e.g. American Diabetes Association, 2015; Silverstein et al., 2005; Vinik, Maser, Mitchell & Freeman, 2003; Vinik & Ziegler, 2007). This has implications for mental health as the PNS is increasingly being recognised to be vital in determining an individual's capacity for emotional regulation (ER) and, in turn, the development of both internalizing and externalizing problems (e.g. Berg et al., 2014; Graziano et al., 2011; Kalra, Jena, Yeravdekar, 2018; Maas-van, Roeleveld, Odink & van Baar, 2013; McDonnell, Northam, Donath, Werther, & Cameron, 2007). To date, much of the research investigating PNS functioning in T1D has been conducted with adults. Little research has systematically investigated the relationship between T1D variables (e.g., fluctuations in blood glucose levels [bgls]), PNS functioning, and mental health outcomes. Therefore, the primary aim of the current thesis was to assess these relationships. A secondary aim was to investigate the relationship between mental health problems in children with T1D and carer stress. Specifically, to better understand the potentially bi-directional relationship between factors relating to T1D (fluctuation in bgl levels) and parental stress.The first study, a systematic review and meta-analysis, aimed to review the existing literature to examine the impact of Heart Rate Variability (HRV), a biomarker of PNS functioning, on children and youth with T1D, when compared to non-diabetic peers. A total of 14 studies met eligibility criteria. Across all studies HRV was found to be lower in children with T1D. However, there was significant heterogeneity across studies. This is likely due to the large variations in HRV methodology and diabetes specific factors. As such, future research would benefit from a standardised assessment of HRV, while controlling for factors such as the duration of diabetes.The second study, aimed to recruit a small number of participants to conduct a feasibility study of the relationship between HRV, bgls and ER using continuous glucose monitoring and portable HRMs in real life situations. Five participants aged between 6 and 12 were recruited via social media. A range of unexpected difficulties compromised the quality of study data. These included poor HRM readings and difficulties in obtaining CGM data from participants. Consequently, it was not possible to meaningfully assess the relationship between HRV, bgls and child functioning quantitatively. Recommendations were provided for changes in research methodology that would improve the quality of data in the future.Study three, aimed to examine the relationships between diabetes specific factors (e.g. bgls) and ER, and whether these factors impact parent-child stress. Parents completed a series of parent-report measures assessing child functioning and provided information on the highest and lowest bgl readings over the previous 24 hours and the most recent HbA1C reading (a measure of average bgls over the previous 3-4 months). In addition, a timeline follow back method was used to retrospectively assess emotional and behavioural difficulties over the previous week. Parents were also requested to upload CGM data over the corresponding week to assess the association between bgls and child functioning. One hundred and four parents participated in the online survey. Results from the parent-report measures indicated that there were significant relationships between bgls, emotional and behavioural problems and parent child-stress. Additionally, there was an increase in communication and medical care difficulties when insulin was administrated manually, compared to those who used pump therapy. Results suggested that the use of the TLFB appears to be a feasible method of assessing emotional and behavioural difficulties. However, very few parents uploaded CGM data. Thus, there was mixed support for the feasibility of conducting research online. Overall, this thesis provides support that HRV is an important aspect to be monitored in children with T1D. Further, the thesis supports the findings that variations in bgls can impact ER and subsequently parent-child stress. However, it was also clear that there are serious methodological problems that must be overcome in future research to improve the quality of data collection.

The real impact of advances in technology on global welfare is an unresolved issue. According to a recent Human Development Report, globalization based on technical advances in information technology has not had a positive impact on economies of developing countries. While advances in technology have helped improve standards of living in industrialized countries, they have caused developing countries to further lag behind. Some other studies, however, have concluded that investment in technology is a critical factor in improving economic welfare of all countries. It is important to note that most of the empirical studies in the latter group have treated technology investment as an independent variable explaining growth in economic welfare. In this paper, we argue against the notion that investment technology is an independent variable explaining welfare in developing countries. In section one, we present logical reasons why technology in itself fails to create better standards of living in developing countries. In section two, we will use a cross sectional simple regression model to test the relationship between advances in technology and economic welfare in developing countries. The results of our empirical study confirm our arguments of section one that global technological advances have not helped the economies of developing countries.

Emerging evidence indicates that individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are more prone to mental health issues than the general population; however, there is a significant lack of data concerning the mental health burden in Chinese Americans with T2D. The aim of this study was to explore the comorbid mental health status, health-seeking behaviors, and mental service utilization among Chinese Americans with T2D. A cross-sectional telephone survey was performed among 74 Chinese Americans with T2D in New York City. We used standardized questionnaires to assess mental health status and to gather data on mental health-seeking behaviors and service utilization. Descriptive statistics were applied for data analysis. A total of 74 Chinese Americans with T2D completed the survey. Most participants (mean age 56, SD 10 years) identified as female (42/74, 57%), were born outside the United States (73/74, 99%), and had limited English proficiency (71/74, 96%). Despite nearly half of the participants (34/74, 46%) reporting at least one mental health concern (elevated stress, depressive symptoms, and/or anxiety), only 3% (2/74) were currently using mental health services. Common reasons for not seeking care included no perceived need, lack of information about Chinese-speaking providers, cost, and time constraints. The cultural and language competence of the provider was ranked as the top factor related to seeking mental health care. Chinese Americans with T2D experience relatively high comorbid mental health concerns yet have low service utilization. Clinicians may consider team-based care to incorporate mental health screening and identify strategies to provide culturally and linguistically concordant mental health services to engage Chinese Americans with T2D.