Abstract
There is an increasing concentration in the influences of nonconventional power sources on power system process and management, as the application of these sources upsurges worldwide. Renewable energy technologies are one of the best technologies for generating electrical power with zero fuel cost, a clean environment, and are available almost throughout the year. Some of the widespread renewable energy sources are tidal energy, geothermal energy, wind energy, and solar energy. Among many renewable energy sources, wind and solar energy sources are more popular because they are easy to install and operate. Due to their high flexibility, wind and solar power generation units are easily integrated with conventional power generation systems. Traditional generating units primarily use synchronous generators that enable them to ensure the process during significant transient errors. If massive wind generation is faltered due to error, it may harm the power system’s operation and lead to the load frequency control issue. This work proposes binary moth flame optimizer (MFO) variants to mitigate the frequency constraint issue. Two different binary variants are implemented for improving the performance of MFO for discrete optimization problems. The proposed model was evaluated and compared with existing algorithms in terms of standard testing benchmarks and showed improved results in terms of average and standard deviation.
Highlights
An optimal secondary controller is to be developed for the effective operation of the hydro–thermal power system integrated with renewable energy sources like wind energy
Dynamic response of Area1 frequency with respect to time in seconds with various controllers like conventional, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), moth flame optimizer (MFO), BMFO1, BMFO2, and Harris hawks optimizer (HHO) under unilateral contract are compared in Figure 3 and Table 3
Dynamic response of Area2 frequency with respect to time in seconds with various controllers like conventional, PSO, MFO, BMFO1, BMFO2, and HHO under unilateral contract are compared in Figure 4 and Table 4
Summary
Integral Derivative (PID) controller [2,3] is suggested to overcome frequency inconsistency for a power system involving wind, hydro, and thermal units due to load and generating power variation induced due to the insertion of inexhaustible resources [4,5]. Our contributions in this paper are as follows: First, we recommend the two alternatives of binary moth flame optimizers to unravel the frequency restriction matter.
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