Impact of Pakistan's economic crisis on dietary patterns in Lahore: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction. The cyclical nature of the development of the market economy causes the periodic occurrence of crisis phenomena that negatively affect the socio-economic situation in the country and the development of economic sectors. The modern automotive industry, composed of global supply chains, is highly sensitive to the impact of economic crises. Based on the research conducted, the article assesses the impact of the global economic crises of the 21st century on the development of the automotive industry in Russia and identifies the problems and risks of the development of this sector of the economy. Materials and Methods. The study used official national statistics, statistical data from international organizations, data from analytical agencies, public reporting by automotive corporations, as well as regulations governing the development of the Russian automotive industry. The use of the techniques of monographic description, of the abstract and logical approach, system analysis, methods of economic and statistical, comparative analysis made it possible to characterize the dynamics and identify the main trends in the development of the Russian automotive industry under the impact of the global crises of 2008‒2009 and 2020, as well as to identify the key problems and risks of the development of the sector in terms of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which are to be taken into account when elaborating and adjusting strategic programs and plans for the development of the sector. Results. The impact of the global crises of 2008‒2009 and 2020 on the Russian automotive industry has been analyzed. The dynamics and structure of production and sales of motor vehicles in Russia have been studied; the cause-and-effect relationships of changes in the performance of the automotive industry under the impact of economic crises have been revealed; an assessment of the measures of state support for the industry in the crisis periods has been given. Discussion and Conclusion. The current global economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has posed new threats to the development of the automotive industry and has made topical the research issues related to the transformations taking place in the sector under the impact of the crisis. The identified imbalances and negative trends in the development of the automotive industry require improving state regulation of its development, as well as implementing effective measures not only to overcome the consequences of the current crisis, but also to counter possible crises in the future.

The worldwide economic crisis of the last decade, and still unresolved, led to a great recession involving all major economies. Since economic factors may influence mental wellbeing, not surprisingly a rise in poor mental health was observed in different countries, while representing a great challenge to psychiatric interventions. This paper aims at reviewing the available English literature focusing on the impact of the current economic crisis on mental health, with a special focus on depression and suicide. Available studies indicate that consequences of economic crisis, such as unemployment, increased workload or work reorganization, and reduced staff and wages, may constitute important stressing factors with a negative impact on mental health. Although data are not easily comparable in different countries, depression seems to be the most common psychiatric disorders especially in middle-aged men. Even suicide rates seem to be increased in men, mainly in countries with no public welfare or poor family relationships. All these findings require a careful attention from both governments that cut resources on public health instead of investing in it, and psychiatric associations that should implement appropriate strategies to face and to manage this sort of depression epidemic driven by economic crisis. Again, as available data suggest that the impact of the crisis might have been attenuated in countries with higher spending in social protection, they clearly urge policy makers to take into account possible health externalities associated to inadequate social protection systems.

Impact of the economic crisis on the health of older persons in Spain: research clues based on an analysis of mortality. SESPAS report 2014

When G20 leaders gathered in London in April 2009, they confronted the greatest challenge to the world economy since the Great Depression, as global output was falling, trade flows drying up and jobs disappearing around the world. Yet whereas the failure of world leaders to act together in the 1930s led to terrible consequences, the decisive action taken by the G20 in London – in the shape of the largest global fiscal stimulus ever – prevented the precipitous decline of the global economy into depression (G20, 2009a). Today, while the recovery is not assured, the banking system has been stabilised, industrial output is rising again across major and emerging economies, international trade is starting to recover and confidence has improved. With the process of recovery far from complete and 61 million people unemployed as a result of this crisis (ILO, 2009), we must continue to guard against complacency. Sustained assistance will be vital not only for the G20 economies, but also for the more than 160 countries that lie outside that grouping – particularly the low-income countries that are home to the ‘bottom billion’ (Collier, 2007). Far from being insulated from the financial crisis, as many observers had thought, people in these countries are finding their livelihoods – even their lives – under threat. In this article I examine the impact of the global economic crisis on these low-income countries, outline the impact of the immediate response package agreed by the G20 and suggest three priorities for collaborative global action this year in order to ensure that low-income countries are part of the recovery: reforming the World Bank; completing the Doha Round; and committing to a partnership for development in order to meet the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015.

The importance for tuberculosis of mitigating economic crises

The aim of the paper is to investigate the impact of global economic crisis 2007–2009 on earnings man-agement in European listed companies. In the first section concepts of economic and financial crisis are explained from the perspective of economic theory. Then the concept of earnings management is present-ed. Hypothesis development constitutes the third part of the paper. The main hypothesis postulates that macroeconomic conditions of crisis restrain earnings management. The next section explains the meth-odology of empirical study. Using adapted Dechow model, earnings management is measured in more than 36 thousand firm-level observations from 27 European countries. Then using panel regression with fixed effects the magnitude of earnings management is investigated from the perspective of crisis and non-crisis period. The last section presents results of the study, which provide evidence that during the crisis period earnings management is curbed. Additionally, the analysis shows that macroeconomic con-ditions associated with economic crisis like GDP drop rates and increase of unemployment affect differ-ently the magnitude of earnings management.

While several studies have separately investigated the management of the contractor’s budget and the impact of the economic crisis in Sri Lanka, the novel contribution of this study lies in its unique exploration of the synergy between these two crucial areas. Therefore, this study aimed to assess how to manage the impacts of the economic crisis on the contractor’s construction budget in Sri Lanka This research study successfully identified the factors influencing the contractor’s budget amid the economic crisis in Sri Lanka, along with effective solutions to mitigate these impacts. For that, the qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews using experts for the data collection through three qualitative Delphi rounds was used. The collected data were analyzed using manual content analysis. In there, twenty-three (23) significant factors as factors affecting the contractor’s budget due to the economic crisis in Sri Lanka, eleven (11) effects of the economic crisis on the construction industry in Sri Lanka, and eighteen (18) solutions to reduce the impact of the Sri Lankan economic crisis on the contractor’s budget were identified. Finally, a framework was developed based on the findings which will hold significant value for Contractors as that provides valuable insights and practical measures to counter the challenges posed by the economic crisis on construction projects.

Impact of the Economic Crisis on House Prices in the Czech Republic Measured on Hedonic Price Index on Bank Data

The article has conducted with the help of mathematical modeling methods while taking into consideration economic crisis and a status of sector in total. On this basis, investigation that considered as one of the significance one leads the financial impact and economic crisis on the demand for the formation of the national tourist product in the case of Uzbekistan. The proposed model makes it possible to predict the volume of demand for national tourist products, depending on the relevant influencing factors of the environment, as well as the manifestations and impact of the financial and economic crisis on this indicator. The underlined strategic guidelines for the further development of the international tourism market in the country justified the conclusions emanating from the analysis.

Purpose. To analyze the development of individual economic indicators, that are key aspects in evaluating the economy of countries in the context of international comparison and competitiveness. Through year-on-year changes, to monitor the development of indicators such as gross value added, total employment and hours worked in the last two crisis periods. To compare the impact of the economic and COVID-19 crises on the mentioned economic indicators and labor productivity in the Visegrad Group countries. Methodology. Several scientific methods suitable for the detection of the impact of crises were used in the article. In particular, elementary time series analysis and index numbers were calculated to detect the most important development trends of selected indicators. Chain indexes and fixed base indexes were figured for the gross value added, employment, number of hours worked, labor productivity per person employed and labor productivity per hour worked. Within the indicators it was searched for the impact of economic and COVID-19 crises. Findings. Analysis of labor productivity and its development in crisis periods, as well as analysis of development of individual indicators from which the productivity was calculated was the key issue of the study. Despite the assumptions of some authors that the pandemic crisis will have a more significant impact on the change of countries economies than the global economic crisis, the study did not support this assumption. The year-on-year changes of the indicator in time of both crises were approximately the same, in some cases we recorded a higher year-on-year decrease in indicators due to the economic crisis and not due to the COVID crisis. Originality. The development of selected indicators including two types of labor productivity within the global economic crisis and the pandemic crisis COVID-19 was subjected to analysis among Visegrad Group countries. Practical value. The analysis of economic indicators carried out on a country-by-country basis can later be used as a support in a deeper analysis of individual indicators and productivity, either within regions of countries or individual sections of national economies, in examining the impact of economic and COVID-19 crises.

The impact of financial and economic crisis influencing economic development in EU countries is analysed predominately on macroeconomic level. Major part of economic studies analyse the effect of crisis on both real and potential economic growth, unemployment, inflation and debt dynamic. However the effects of the crisis are visible also at microeconomic level. The economic results of businesses are significantly influenced by the negative macroeconomic development at both national and international level. Both decrease in potential growth and purchasing power due to economic recession and more restrictive fiscal policy have a direct impact on aggregate demand and thus the microeconomic sector as whole. Additional source of problems is connected with banking sector crisis and the access to financing mainly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SME’s). The aim of the paper is to fill the gap in economic research and to analyse the impact of the ongoing crisis on business entities in selected eurozone member countries. Authors selected two eurozone member countries from EU periphery (Greece and Ireland). Both countries are severely hit by economic crisis and authors suppose that also their business sector will be significantly influenced. However author believes that the structural differences will lead over the time in faster recovery of Irish businesses in contrast to the Greek one.We create dataset using Amadeus database which contains the harmonized data about statistically significant set of business in selected countries. Authors then sorting the data according selected variables such as size of the company, NACE categorization and comparative indicators of individual business economic performance, namely representatives of indicators groups profitability, solvency, liquidity and indebtedness/financial structure of business entities. For the purpose of analysis authors analyse the data series three years before the crisis (2005, 2006 and 2007) and the three years of crisis (2008, 2009 and 2010). The dataset consists of 3,567 business entities in both observed countries. In the study we use the cluster analysis to detect some basic patterns and trends in business sector in terms of homogeneity within dataset. Based on the results of microeconomic environment analysis (impact of crisis and national economic policies) authors assess the optimal reaction of economic policy (both national and EU) to improve the condition of businesses which authors believe are the source of future economic recovery.

Rare coagulation disorders (RCDs) constitute an important health risk. Data on epidemiology, quality of life (QoL), access to care, and impact of the ongoing economic crisis on RCDs in Lebanon is limited. We aimed to address these gaps by evaluating effect of the crisis on themanagement of RCDs. We performed a retrospective chart review of RCD pediatric patients in a tertiary hospital between 2003 and 2023. Patients with deficiencies of fibrinogen, factor (F)II, FV, combined FV and FVIII, FVII, FXI, FXII, FXIII, and congenital deficiency of vitamin K-dependent factors (VKCFDs) underwent a qualitative assessment of the impact of the economic crisis on care and quality of life by an interview aimed at investigating obstacles to diagnosis, disparities in access to treatment, impact of the crisis on QoL and disease management, and opinion on governmental efforts to solve the health crisis. 46 patients were included. The response rate for the interview was 63%. Among the cohort, 21 (72.4%) reported difficulty accessing treatment since the start of the crisis and 18 (62%) reported "lack of healthcare coverage for necessary treatments" as the main issue. Most participants reported that the Lebanese government did not adequately address their needs during the crisis. Our study showcased that management of RCD patients in Lebanon has been severely affected by the economic crisis. Combined efforts by public and private sectors are needed to appropriately address this issue. Lessons can be learned from the Lebanese experience to appropriately screen for actionable factors in vulnerable populations.

Evidence exists supporting the impact of the Great Recession on health-related behaviors internationally, though few studies are available concerning the Italian population. To assess the impact of the late 2000s economic crisis on health-related behaviors linked to population mental health in Italy. Descriptive study. Health indicators came from the Italian Institute of Statistics database (years 2000-2015). Statistics performed by means of linear regression models. Increased smokers (β = 1.68, p = .03), heavy smokers, that is, people smoking 11-20 cigarettes per day (β = 2.18, p = .04) or more than 20 cigarettes per day (β = 1.04, p < .01) and mean number of smoked cigarettes per day (β = 0.56, p = .02) were noticeable. Also, prevalence of overweight increased (β = 0.91, p = .04), while the Italian families' expenditure for alcoholic beverages decreased (β = -812.80, p = .01). Alcohol consumption decreased (β = -0.60, p < .01), especially in men (β = -0.95, p < .01); binge drinking increased in years 2009-2010. No change was noticeable in the diet indicators collected. The economic crisis may have increased smoking, overweight and binge drinking in Italy (though data on the latter phenomenon are not conclusive), and reduced overall alcohol consumption.

The increasingly globalized and networked world coupled with enlarging spatial scope and severity of natural and man-made hazards are leading to significant cross-boundary impacts. It has not been adequately addressed that how those impacts transmit from one (sub-) system/network to another and how the socioeconomic systems respond. This paper examines the impact of the global economic crisis and the Tohoku earthquake on Sino–Japan trade based on trade data released by the Japanese Ministry of Finance. Our time series analysis model shows that in the short term, the economic crisis has an impact of 66 % larger than that of the earthquake. The impact of economic crisis is more acute and deep due to the collapse of consumers’ and investors’ confidence, but for the earthquake, it is more gradual as the impact spreads via production chain and supply chain across industries and regions. The pattern implies critical difference in disaster risk reduction strategies for the two types of catastrophes.

he tax system is recognized as one of the most effective anti-crisis factors in the development of the national economy. In this regard, the analysis of the mechanism of the impact of the current economic crisis on the tax system, in order to ensure macroeconomic stability, is becoming a priority area of modern scientific research. The article examines topical issues related to the impact of the economic crisis on the tax system. The object of the research is the tax system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The subject of this study is the modernization of the tax system. The study analyzed dynamics and structure of total tax payments to the consolidated budget. Modernization of the tax system has a significant stimulating effect on all segments of the national economy. It will ensure economic growth in the country. To improve the efficiency of fiscal regulation, there is proposed a scenario modeling, which makes it possible to assess the effect of the implementation of various situations on fiscal revenues and key macroeconomic indicators. The main methods used were analysis and synthesis, systemic and institutional approaches, methods of induction and deduction, the method of designing hypotheses