Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) in the elderly is accompanied by reduced muscle mass and reduced muscle strength, also known as sarcopenia. This results in functional limitations and ahigh risk of falls and injuries. The determination of physical performance parameters such as grip strength and trunk strength on the one hand, and balance abilities on the other, provide information about the individual's general neuromuscular condition and serve as an indicator of physical performance in the elderly. The extent to which previous osteoporotic vertebral fractures (VFs) restrict an individual's physical performance has not been adequately investigated yet. In total, 118persons, with amean age of 71.5 ± 9years, participated in the clinical trial (ethics committee approval number A2020-0041). Patients were divided into an OP group (58patients) and acontrol group (CG; 60patients). OP patients with (VFs) and without vertebral fractures (0VFs) were viewed separately in the subgroup analysis. Data concerning physical status, including hand grip strength (HGS), the chair-rising test (CRT), tandem stance (TS), tandem gait (TG), and single-leg stance (SLS) were available for all patients. All data were analyzed using SPSS, Version23.0. No significant difference (p > 0.05) was registered between the OP and CG groups with regard of HGS, CRT, TG, TS, and SLS. In the subgroup analysis, OP patients with VFs had alower HGS than OP patients without 0VFx (VFs 24.3 ± 10.2 kg vs. 0VFs 29.7 ± 9.5 kg, p = 0.026). TS was maintained longer by OP patients 0VFs (VFs 7.8 ± 3.2 s vs. 0VFs 9.5 ± 1.8 s, p = 0.008). The latter were also able to maintain their balance in TG over more numerous steps (VFs 4.8 ± 3.0 vs. 0VFs 6.7 ± 2.4, p = 0.011). In aregression analysis, body size, gender, and age were shown to be independent factors influencing HGS (p < 0.001). Patient age, constitution, and gender have arelevant influence on HGS, with baseline conditions after diagnosed OP at comparable levels in this age group. In asubgroup of OP patients with VFs, there is aclose relationship between bone and muscle with an increasing deterioration of the musculoskeletal system. For prophylaxis of osteosarcopenia, early training seems reasonable.
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