Abstract
We aimed to assess the impact of malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a sample composed of adolescents, younger adults and adults seeking orthodontic treatment. Participants were consecutively enrolled from January 2019 to March 2020. The oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) was used to measure the OHRQoL. The index of complexity, outcome and need (ICON) was used to assess malocclusion. Sociodemographic, medical, and clinical questionnaires were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed according as a function of sex and age range (15–30 or >30 years old). Linear and logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between OHIP-14 total score, malocclusion, and other relevant confounding variables. In a final sample of 93 participants (60 females and 33 males, aged 15 to 60 years), men reported significantly better OHRQoL (p = 0.005). Participants aged 30 years or older reported significantly worse OHRQoL (p = 0.042). OHIP-14 was significantly correlated with age (ρ = 0.259, p < 0.05) and the number of missing teeth (ρ = 0.369, p < 0.001). Multivariable regression showed OHIP-14 being associated with the number of missing teeth (B = 1.48, SE = 0.57, p < 0.05) and the presence of missing teeth (B = 1.38, SE = 0.65, p < 0.05). Malocclusion showed no association with OHRQoL. Age and the number of missing teeth may be key factors on self-perceived OHRQoL in adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment.
Highlights
The assessment of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) has been made through the development and validation of questionnaires, and the oral health impact profile (OHIP) is a fine example with good psychometric properties [4]
This sample had a majority of participants with a middle education level pants (33 males and 60 females) met the eligibility criteria (Figure 1), aged 15 to 60 (Table 1)
A systematic review studying the impact of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment on OHRQoL accounted for individuals with this age range [19]
Summary
Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is a multidimensional construct of the individual’s subjective assessment on oral health, functional and emotional well-being, expectations and satisfaction [1,2]. OHRQoL is an integral part of general health and well-being [2], with an increasing focus on dental research [3]. The assessment of OHRQoL has been made through the development and validation of questionnaires, and the oral health impact profile (OHIP) is a fine example with good psychometric properties [4]. The OHIP was shortened to a more practical tool of 14 questions, the OHIP-14 [5], being considered a more practical instrument in clinical practice and epidemiological surveys, and with good reliability and validity [1]
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