Impact of local overheating on conventional and hybrid insulations for power transformers

Abstract

For more than a century, conventional mineral oil/cellulose insulation is being used as main insulation for power transformers. The life span of these major assets is determined amongst others by the insulation system’s mechanical resistance to withstand short circuit current forces. Since cellulose paper aging is accelerated by temperature, moisture and oxygen, poly-aramid-based synthetic insulation paper, with better thermal stability emerged for application in transformers. However the relatively limited number of studies on hybrid insulation and the cost of aramid paper still limit their use in distribution transformers. This contribution attempts to demonstrate that despite the high cost of aramid paper, hybrid insulation could be used in large power transformers which represent a significant financial investment. To do this, the quality of mineral oil aged with hybrid solid insulation and the thermal aging of the cellulose paper of this insulation are investigated. Comparison was made with traditional mineral oil impregnated cellulose paper to provide a benchmark for comparison. The samples underwent thermal accelerated aging procedure according to ASTM-D1934 standard and, furthermore, were submitted to local overheating. The condition of oil samples collected from each aging vessel was assessed using several diagnostic techniques, namely the relative amount of the Dissolved Decay Products (DDP), Turbidity, and Interfacial Tension (IFT). The Degree of Polymerisation (DPv) and Dissolved gas Analysis (DGA) were used to monitor the thermal aging of the cellulose paper samples. The results indicate that oil aged with hybrid solid insulation yield fewer decay products at some aging stages, especially after the application of a local overheating. The results also indicate that the cellulose paper within solid hybrid insulation is slightly less degraded compared to that of conventional insulation.