Abstract
With green development becoming a global movement, environmental tax has been adopted by many governments to promote green development. This study analyzes the impact of environmental tax on green development by using a four-dimension dynamical system. The establishment of the system is based on the complex and dynamic interactions among economic development, pollution emissions, resources consumption, and environmental tax, where roles of environmental tax are reflected by the linear parameters. A theoretic analysis shows the complexity of the behavior of the system. Mainly, the existence of chaos is inferred by Lyapunov exponent spectrum and bifurcation diagram, then verified by the presence of a chaotic attractor. An empirical study of the green development dynamical system in China demonstrates the particular evolution paths of economic growth, pollution intensity, and resource intensity under different environmental tax parameters. Results indicate a robust beneficial role of environmental tax on green development. Furthermore, when an environmental tax is imposed, a firm government control, an active consumer awareness, an advanced technology level can stimulate economic growth, decrease pollution intensity, and control the resource intensity. But the government control has a stronger effect. This study provides a viable and promising approach to analyze the role of imposing an environmental tax on green development and may have potential application in other areas and countries.
Highlights
Green development has become the new contents of sustainable development after the Rio+20 Conference [1]
We focus on the evolution of economic growth, pollution intensity, and resource intensity under different environmental tax parameters
This paper establishes a nonlinear dynamical system for green development based on the interactions among resources consumed, economic growth, pollution emission, and environmental tax
Summary
Green development has become the new contents of sustainable development after the Rio+20 Conference [1]. Environmental-friendly and social-inclusive way of economic growth, aiming at efficient use of natural resources and minimizing pollution emission as well as reducing impacts on environment [4]. The UNEP proposed the Global Green New Deal which focuses on investing renewable resources, building environmentally friendly society, and increasing energy efficiency [6] Many countries, such as the US and the UK, have formulated green policies centered on new energy development or low-carbon economic growth [7]. Half of water sources in China’s key cities are not qualified for drinking [12] Facing these challenges, the Chinese government adopted lots of measures for sustainable economic growth in the Five-Year Plans. Green development means to improve resource utilization and reduce pollution emissions without slowing economic growth.
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