Abstract
The synthesis of a dicarbazole derivative (C4C) with a flexible alkyl chain was conducted, and its charge transfer complexes (CTCs) were prepared by incorporating three acceptors (3,4,5,6-tetrafluorophthalonitrile (TFPN), 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (TFTPN), 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB)), aiming to investigate the influence of electron acceptors on their mechanofluorochromism (MFC). It was observed that CTC3 containing TCNB displayed the longest emission wavelength due to the lowest LUMO energy level of TCNB. Interestingly, while CTC1 with TFPN emitted green fluorescence, CTC2 incorporating TFTPN showed a shorter emission wavelength than that of CTC1 although TFTPN had a lower LUMO energy level than TFPN. Single-crystal structural analysis revealed that loose packing between donor and acceptor in CTC2 contributed to its shorter emission wavelength. Notably, CTC2 exhibited MFC because of enhanced charge transfer interaction after grinding. However, no MFC behaviors were observed for the other two complexes. These findings highlight that electron acceptors not only impact photoluminescent properties but also strongly influence response towards mechanical forces.
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