Abstract
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has affected over 180 countries, resulting in global mass death. It has been reported that patients with underlying disease are more likely to contract the disease and become critically ill. The impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the severity of COVID-19 has been underlined in the literature. In this analysis, we have provided evidence of an association between CKD and COVID-19. We followed the PRISMA protocol and conducted a literature search using Google Scholar, EMBASE, PubMed, and Clinical trail.gov. The initial search yielded 2102 articles. We included 20 cohorts based on inclusion criteria reporting an association between CKD and COVID-19 after excluding irrelevant articles, including review articles and duplicates. We conducted pooled prevalence of CKD and meta-analysis to estimate the odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) using Cochrane RevMan (version 5.4, Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration), and R programming language version 4.16-2 (University of Auckland, New Zealand). Our study involved 4350 patients from different countries, and 212 (4.9%) patients had CKD. Among 20 cohorts, 57.27% were male with a median age of 55.5 years. Eight hundred sixty-six patients developed severe COVID-19, and out of which, 39 (4.5%) were CKD patients. CKD patients had a significantly increased risk of severe disease as compared to non-CKD patients with a pooled OR of 2.15 (95% CI 1.16-4.01) (I2=41; p=0.02). Out of 443 COIVD-19 patients who died, 85 patients had CKD, with a prevalence of 19.18%. CKD patients had an increased risk of death as compared to non-CKD patients with a pooled OR of 5.58 (95% CI 3.27-9.54) (I2=0; p<0.00001). CKD is manifested as a common underlying disease in COVID-19 patients who had a worse prognosis, including mortality.
Highlights
IntroductionCC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and
Most of the patients were hospitalized, and we only included those articles reporting an association between chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Our analysis reported evidence of CKD impact on prognosis and outcome of COVID-19 patients and underlined a significant association of CKD with severe infection with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 2.15 (I2=41) (p=0.02)
Summary
CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and. The newly discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), has spread rapidly throughout the globe and the World Health Organization (WHO). In COVID-19, the patient manifests with a typical acute respiratory illness such as fever, dyspnea, cough, and flu-like symptoms [1,2]. COVID-19 can involve multiple organs of the body, including the liver, kidney, heart, and brain. The clinical course of the disease is highly variable and unpredictable, ranging from a flu-like illness to multi-organ failure and death [3]. The severity of illness and mortality depend on age and comorbidities [4]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
