Impact of antiseptics on radical metabolism, antioxidant status and genotoxic stress in blood cells: povidone-iodine versus octenidine dihydrochloride

Abstract

No sufficient data are available of the of antiseptics' influence on human blood cells. Effects of two antiseptics, povidone-iodine (PVD-I) versus octenidine dihydrochloride (OD), were tested on antioxidant status, radical formation, antioxidant defence enzymes and genotoxic stress in blood cells, in vitro. Human blood was taken by venipuncture, enriched with PVD-I or OD (0.0001–20% final concentration) and incubated at 37 °C between 30 and 120 min. α-Tocopherol was assessed in erythrocytes and granulocytes. Superoxide-dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were determined in erythrocytes, the total anti-oxidative capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in their ghosts. In granulocytes status of hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2), superoxide anions and MDA was observed. Genotoxic stress was determined by counting sister chromatide exchanges (SCE) in lymphocytes after enrichment within 0.05–0.4% of antiseptics. Based on all biomarker tested, concentrations up to 0.05% incubated for 30 min did not affect cell metabolism. 1% and 10% PVD-I reduced the activity of SOD (−40%), GSH (−62%) and the content of α-tocopherol more than OD ( p<0.05). No significant differences between the antiseptics were observed for TAC and MDA. H 2O 2 and superoxide anions were significantly reduced after the 10% addition for both substances independent on the exposure. Without having changes in lipid oxidation, the reduction of antioxidative defence mechanisms must be due to the oxidation caused by the antiseptics, mainly PVD-I. An increased SCE rate was neither observed with PVD-I nor with OD within an enrichment with 0.05–0.4%. Higher concentrations (1% and more) could not be tested on SCE formation because they caused cell bursts. The results presented indicate that concentrations up to 0.05% incubated for 30 min are safe for exposing blood cells of healthy subjects.