Abstract
A Great deal of effort has been focused on trying to determine the presence and localization of factors responsible for cementogenesis, as well as in repair and regeneration of periodontal tissues. Bone sialoprotein and osteopontin are the two major non-collagenous proteins in cementum that appeared to have important roles in cementogenesis and regeneration. Aim: To investigate the expression and distribution of osteopontin on diseased root surface in comparison with healthy non-diseased root surface in by immunohistochemical technique using osteopontin mouse monoclonal antibody [NCL-O-PONTIN] (Novocastra) Materials and Methods: Fifty-Five teeth which included 25 permanent healthy human teeth and 30 permanent teeth affected by advanced periodontitis were collected. All teeth were initially fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Following fixation and demineralization, specimens were embedded in paraffin, sectioned and exposed to antibodies against osteopontin. Stained sections were assessed using digital photomicroscope. Results: In healthy root surface staining intensity was found to be mild to moderate in the cemental surface and matrix. Moderate staining was found in relation to periodontal ligament. In diseased root surface there was absence of immunostaining for osteopontin (OPN) in exposed cementum. In, the apical part of the diseased tooth, a strong staining for OPN was seen along the cementum surfaces adjacent to the periodontal ligament. Conclusion: The absence of staining for OPN in all areas of exposed cementum (absence of overlying periodontal ligament) in diseased teeth can affect the ability for regeneration and new connective tissue attachment onto the previously denuded root surface.
Highlights
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth caused by specific microorganisms or groups of specific microorganisms resulting in progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with pocket formation, recession or both
A total of 55 collected teeth, which included 25 permanent healthy human teeth and 30 diseased permanent teeth were used to stain for osteopontin
The remaining healthy and diseased teeth were excluded from the study because, they either stained negative for osteopontin antibody or displayed staining that was too non-specific for any meaningful analysis
Summary
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth caused by specific microorganisms or groups of specific microorganisms resulting in progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with pocket formation, recession or both. Damage occurs to the tooth supporting tissues, resulting in exposure of the root surface to the oral environment [1]. Host mediated tissue destruction occurs via complement activation, release of lysosomal enzymes and connective tissue matrix metalloproteinases. Microbial enzymes may damage connective tissue directly, and together with toxic metabolites and structural materials, are thought to disrupt the reparative activities of fibroblasts and cells of the immune defences. Protein extracts of mature cementum promote cell attachment, migration and stimulate protein synthesis of gingival fibroblast and periodontal ligament cells [3]
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