Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) plays a central role in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, in feline CKD, renal expression of TGF-β1 and how it changes as the disease progresses have not been fully studied. In the present study, we immunohistochemically assessed the renal expression levels of TGF-β1 in cats with CKD and statistically analyzed its correlation with CKD severity. Clear immunosignals were detected in the glomerular mesangial cells, Bowman’s capsules, proximal tubules, distal nephrons, platelets, and vascular smooth muscles in the kidneys of cats with CKD. Statistically, luminal signals in the distal nephrons showed positive correlations with plasma creatinine levels and glomerulosclerosis, while those in the proximal tubules and platelets showed negative correlations with plasma urea and/or creatinine levels. Therefore, it was suggested that the changes in the renal expression of TGF-β1 could be associated with progression of feline CKD.
Highlights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by persistent abnormalities in kidney structure and function
We suggest that the urinary excretion of TGF-β1 in feline chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be caused by renal tissue expression and glomerular hyperfiltration of TGF-β1
The immunosignals of TGF-β1 were observed at various sites in the renal tissue of cats with CKD
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by persistent abnormalities in kidney structure and function. CKD has become a major health problem worldwide, affecting both humans and animals. It is one of the most common diseases in older animals, especially cats, and has become more prevalent in recent decades [1–3]. It is induced by various factors, including genetic defects, infections, inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases, and exposure to certain drugs and toxins. CKD progresses to tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) via a common pathway in humans and cats [4–9]. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a cytokine that is critical for the progression of CKD and its upregulation can lead to progressive renal fibrosis [2,10].
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