Abstract
Wild ducks are known to be able to carry avian influenza viruses over long distances and infect domestic ducks, which in their turn infect domestic chickens. Therefore, prevention of virus transmission between ducks and chickens is important to control the spread of avian influenza. Here we used a low pathogenic wild aquatic bird virus A/duck/Moscow/4182/2010 (H5N3) for prevention of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) transmission between ducks and chickens. We first confirmed that the ducks orally infected with H5N1 HPAIV A/chicken/Kurgan/3/2005 excreted the virus in feces. All chickens that were in contact with the infected ducks became sick, excreted the virus, and died. However, the ducks orally inoculated with 104 50% tissue culture infective doses of A/duck/Moscow/4182/2010 and challenged 14 to 90 days later with H5N1 HPAIV did not excrete the challenge virus. All contact chickens survived and did not excrete the virus. Our results suggest that low pathogenic virus of wild aquatic birds can be used for prevention of transmission of H5N1 viruses between ducks and chickens.
Highlights
Pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) represent a significant problem in developing countries of Asia and Africa
We investigated whether oral administration of dk/4182 virus to ducks can prevent circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 in ducks and its transmission to chickens
The goal of this work was to determine whether a non-pathogenic virus of wild ducks could be used as a live poultry vaccine against HPAIVs preventing transmission of these viruses from ducks to chickens
Summary
Pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) represent a significant problem in developing countries of Asia and Africa. The situation is alarming in Egypt, where 136 people developed the disease and 39 died of avian influenza virus infection in 2015 [1]. New reassortants of HPAIV with hemagglutinin (HA), polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) and nucleoprotein (NP) genes from H5N1 viruses emerged in recent years, in particular, H5N3, H5N8 and H5N2 viruses detected in. It is generally accepted that HPAIV are deadly to chickens. In ducks they usually cause an asymptomatic infection [4]. Migratory wild birds infected with HPAIVs can carry and distribute these viruses over long distances [5,6]. Vaccination of wild birds against H5N1 HPAIVs is currently
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