Abstract
Vaccination through recombinant proteins against rumen methanogenesis provides a mitigation approach to reduce enteric methane (CH4) emissions in ruminants. The objective of present study was to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of a new vaccine candidate protein (EhaF) on methanogenesis and microbial population in the rumen of goats. We amplified the gene mru 1407 encoding protein EhaF using fresh rumen fluid samples of mature goats and successfully expressed recombinant protein (EhaF) in Escherichia coli Rosetta. This product was evaluated using 12 mature goats with half for control and other half injected with 400ug/goat the purified recombinant protein in day 1 and two subsequent booster immunizations in day 35 and 49. All measurements were undertaken from 63 to 68 days after the initial vaccination, with CH4 emissions determined using respiration calorimeter chambers. The results showed that the vaccination caused intensive immune responses in serum and saliva, although it had no significant effect on total enteric CH4 emissions and methanogen population in the rumen, when compared with the control goats. However, the vaccination altered the composition of rumen bacteria, especially the abundance of main phylum Firmicutes and genus Prevotella. The results indicate that protein EhaF might not be an effective vaccine to reduce enteric CH4 emissions but our vaccine have potential to influence the rumen ecosystem of goats.
Highlights
Methane (CH4) is a long-lived greenhouse gas (GHG) and over 25 times more potent than carbon dioxide (CO2) in its global warming potential [1]
CH4 emissions from the agricultural sources account for about 40% of the total human-induced CH4 [2] and 25% of which from the enteric fermentation in ruminants [3]
The protein was concentrated using an Amicon Ultra–4 centrifugal filter (Millipore, USA) and monitored via SDS-PAGE. The concentration of this protein was determined according to the Bradford color-reaction assay with bovine serum albumin as a standard [20]
Summary
Methane (CH4) is a long-lived greenhouse gas (GHG) and over 25 times more potent than carbon dioxide (CO2) in its global warming potential [1]. Reducing CH4 emissions from ruminants benefits for environment, and improves the ruminant production efficiency.
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