Immanuel Kant in the History of World Philosophy and Culture

From the Section (Commission) on the History of Books and the Press to the Commission on the History of Book Culture and the Comprehensive Study of Book: V.I. Vasiliev's contribution to the formation and development of the scientific direction «Book as a complex system in domestic and world culture» of the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences «History

To aid in the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Society for American Archaeology and its journal,American Antiquity, I was invited to address myself to “Unsolved Problems in New World Culture History.” I have agreed to do this, but, with the editor's indulgence, I would like to rephrase the title as I have, for I think that the word “continuing” more accurately captures the sense of the situation and where our interests lie. As all of us are aware, there are many unsolved problems in Precolumbian culture history—“more holes than cheese,” as the saying goes—but I think I should take a look at some of those with which we are most familiar.

The 3rd International Online Conference “Crime and Punishment: Current State of Research” was held on February 28, 29 – March 1 under the leadership of the Research Centre “F.M. Dostoevsky and World Culture” of the A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Commission for the Study of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Creative Heritage of the Academic Council “History of World Culture” of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The conference was devoted to the latest research on the novel and the problems of teaching Crime and Punishment at school and university. The series of conferences devoted to the novel were held in the perspective of creating a new book for the project Dostoevsky’s Novels: Current State of Research, carried out by a team of scholars from different countries; the first was devoted to the novel The Idiot (Moscow, Nasledie Publ., 2001), the second — to the novel The Brothers Karamazov (Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2007), the third — to the novel The Adolescent (Moscow, IWL RAS Publ., 2022).

The article presents an overview of the International Online Conference “A Book in the Book,” dedicated to the memory of the outstanding Russian philologist and theorist of culture Alexander V. Mikhailov (1938–1995) and held on October 2–4, 2023 by the jointed forces of the Research Centre “Dostoevsky and World Culture” of the A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Commission for the Study of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Creative Heritage of the Academic Council “History of World Culture” of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

The article presents an overview of the 2nd International Online Conference “The Book in the Book,” dedicated to the memory of the outstanding Russian philologist and cultural theorist Alexander V. Mikhailov (1938–1995) and held on October 1–3, 2024 by the Research Center “Dostoevsky and World Culture” IWL RAS and the Commission for the Study of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Artistic Heritage at the Academic Council “History of World Culture” RAS.

The article explores the artistic experience of depicting the outstanding thinker of the Arab-Muslim East, a native of Deshti-Kipchak Abu Nasir al-Farabi in the world and national culture, and in the modern design of the postage stamp. The main value is to comprehensively investigate the history of al-Farabi's image creation in the world visual and semiotic tradition and compile their chronicle by considering stamps issued in different periods of time. The novelty and methodological value of the article comes from the assessment of the contribution of Kazakh and world scientists and designers to culture and art history. The authors use analytical, historical, semiotic and other methods of research. The practical value of her study is the development of the classification of visual images of the great scientist. The theoretical value of the study comes from the nature of the multifaceted personality of the Turkic genius. There is not yet, and has not been, a systematic study of this image in the history of art. Postage stamps and the visual images they generate are unique cultural objects, providing a great deal of insight into our contemporary culture. It is important to promote al-Farabi's cultural and historical heritage, to write workshops to train future designers and art historians; it is necessary to talk about the ever-increasing importance of al-Farabi as a scholar in world cultural history. The value of the research is justified by the fact that the philosopher is the common historical and cultural heritage of the Turkic and Arab-Iranian peoples, although he came from our Kazakh land: the Kazakh National University, the flagship of the country, bears his name. The study of the creation of al-Farabi's artistic image has a valuable educational, educational, cognitive and cultural value, both for the modernization of public consciousness, and for the spiritual revival of our science.

Volume 112 of Literary Heritage contains Andrey Bely’s fundamental two-volume treatise History of the Formation of a Self-Conscious Soul (1926–1931), the main, summary work of his life, published in its entirety on the basis of the author’s autographs for the first time. It presents the symbolist writer as an original philosopher, an outstanding historian and cultural critic. In it Bely explores the laws of human development, starting with the appearance of Christianity and ending with the XX century, the era of symbolism and anthroposophy. The unique set of related materials is published for the first time: the draft of the treatise, fragments of the first edition, explanatory notes by Andrey Bely himself and his widow K.N. Bugayeva. For the first time, drawings, diagrams and accompanying posters are reproduced that clarify the author’s idea of History of the Formation of a Self-Conscious Soul. The publication is provided with essential detailed scholarly commentary, an introduction and afterword, indexes of names and illustrations. The book is intended for philologists, historians, philosophers; for researchers, postgraduates, students and a wide range of readers interested in the history of world culture and civilization.

Introduction. Insufficient consideration of the human factor and the inability to fully realize its potential has led to criticism of mechanistic management as a basic in the industrialism formation. Subsequently, against this background, humanistic management was introduced, which in some way compensated for the shortcomings of the mechanistic approach. However, the cultural and historical aspects of humanistic management have remained out of science's attention so far, which has necessitated this research. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is a theoretical and historical analysis of the humanistic management culture, identification of its features and key factors of development in the conditions of industrialism. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic and cultural approaches to the study of social phenomena and processes, the fundamental provisions of the theory and history of management culture. Results. It is established that the culture of humanistic management, in contrast to the mechanistic concept of “economic man”, which responds only to material incentives, uses the “social man” concept, which assumes that, in addition to material gain, the worker seeks to meet moral needs. In this case, the formal organization with officially established rules is complemented by an informal organization based on behaviorism, based on the theory of Y, moral aspects of interaction, B-leadership and the motivators’ predominance that guide human activity to self-realization. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is to identify the objective preconditions that led to the emergence of a culture of humanistic management, as well as to generalize the features of the main directions of this culture of management. The practical significance is seen in the expansion of ideas about the theory and history of world culture, including in them previously virtually unexplored in the cultural and historical context of the ideas of humanistic management of the industrialism era.

The article considers the role of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the development of the domestic book science on the example of the activities of the Commission on the History of Book Culture and Integrated Book Studies of the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences «History of World Culture».

Reviewed by: The Chinese City in Space and Time: The Development of Urban Form in Suzhou Kerrie L. MacPherson (bio) Yinrong Xu . The Chinese City in Space and Time: The Development of Urban Form in Suzhou. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2000. xi, 360 pp. Hardcover $47.00, ISBN 0-8248-2076-2. A city of such venerable history as Suzhou has now received the attention it justly deserves. Yinrong Xu has given us a learned exegesis on the origins, the transformations—both spatial and functional—and the social and cultural contexts of an imperial administrative capital spanning two and a half millennia. Importantly, the discussion here of a long and continuous history that raises more general questions about the nature of Chinese urbanism takes this book beyond being a biography of just one city. It provides us with insights into the distinctiveness of the Chinese urban experience, a substantial synthesis of the major scholarly works on Chinese cities, and an excellent foundation for comparative approaches to urban history generally. This having been said, however, Xu is by no means constructing an "ideal type"—an image of the Chinese city devoid of its particular historical circumstances or the complex, often baffling social, economic, or political changes that shaped its physical form and functioning. As part of the hierarchical reticulation of Chinese administrative cities generally, a city was embedded in a local as well as a state system that, as modern scholarship appreciates, was neither as static nor as eternal as previously understood. The particular strengths of Xu's analysis are centered on three chapters (4, 5, and 6) outlining, respectively, the physical structure of the city, its walls and gates, and the uses of urban space. These chapters reflect his training as an architectural historian, yet he does not encumber the reader with the lingua franca of his discipline. Xu avers that one of his primary intentions was to encourage further research into Chinese city building from "an [End Page 291] architectural point of view" since the dearth of studies belies "its importance in the history of world civilization" (p. 237). The book begins with a general introduction to the historical background of the rise of Suzhou, the particular events that led to the formation of the Chinese state, and, by extension, the formalization of administration as embodied in the building and rebuilding of its urban locations. As scholars have long understood, walled cities or capitals functioned primarily as administrative centers of their particular regions, provinces, prefectures, and districts, giving coherence to the nascent imperial state from the second century. From the mid-Tang period in the eighth century, the growth of commerce, population, and cultural interactions beyond the Great Wall encouraged city growth—and the growth of records that allow a more thorough investigation into the urban milieu. Suzhou's construction in the late sixth century B.C. and its "cosmology"—the symbolism and values that shaped its physical form—are discussed in chapter 2. Xu draws on the works of Arthur Wright, Paul Wheatley, Frederick Mote, and Rhoads Murphey, to name a few of the eminent scholars who have profoundly guided our views on the meanings expressed in structures, layouts, and orientations of traditional city building based on their deep understanding of Chinese historical texts. The chapter also addresses the problems of reconciling literal descriptions in the historical sources—reflecting a two-thousand-year evolution of ideas and meanings expressed in the construction of cities by the Eastern Han—with the more recent archaeological record, a problem addressed by Nancy Steinhardt in her work on Chang'an and Beijing. One of the most distinctive aspects of Chinese urbanism compared to the West, according to Frederick Mote, is the existence of an "urban-rural continuum"—an argument further explored here by Xu. This is reflected in the fact that administrative centers (walled cities) on any level (although it may be argued that the imperial capital might be exceptional) never developed a separate "urban" government or corporate identity or, for that matter, a society or culture separate from the surrounding countryside. Xu details how this was true of Suzhou, which primarily functioned as a prefecture-level capital from the...

This article discusses the other side of the Crusades. The Crusades that occurred thousands of years ago, apart from having the impact of geopolitical changes at that time, turned out to have a significant impact on social, cultural, scientific and economic changes on European Muslims and Christians at that time. The Crusades are the longest and biggest war in the history of world civilization. Efforts to save the territory under the friction of religious doctrine between Islam and Christianity caused huge losses to both of them, both morally and materially. Although there are some advantages from the contact of two different civilizations, the two of them still cannot be avoided. The Crusade is the longest and biggest war in the history of world civilization. Efforts to save the territory under the friction of religious doctrine between Islam and Christianity caused great losses to both of them, both morally and materially. Although there are still some advantages from the contact between two different civilizations, the two of them have still been unable to avoid the enormous losses to date.

The timeliness of the research is determined by the following: in the contemporary world scholars studying the national traditional cultures and awareness of the importance of the book art in its historical development are some of the basic conditions for solving the problems of not only preservation of spiritual and material culture monuments, but the study of the cultures genesis, identification of opportunities for their further development. The paper aims to evince the importance and influence of Sufi ideology on the formation of book art traditions. The study of the problem is based on the classical methods of different sciences: history, culturology, art studies, which help to create a holistic picture of the development of the book art in the Tatar culture. The paper reveals the peculiarities of the development of Tatar hand-written book art, including the following factors brought by Sufism ideology: the absence of any graphic elements, key role of symbols of the universe model, the symbols of color and compositional text distribution on the page. Results and study findings can be used during the preparation of special courses and programs History of culture and religion, Cult of the peoples of Tatarstan, History of World Culture.

Migrations in New World Culture History. Edited by Raymond H. Thompson. University of Arizona Bulletin, Vol. 19, No. 2, Social Science Bulletin, No. 27. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 1958. v + 68 pp., 8 figs., 2 tables. $1.00. - Volume 25 Issue 2

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsMigrations in New World Culture History. By Raymond H. Thompson.Douglas W. SchwartzDouglas W. Schwartz Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Archaeology Volume 64, Number 1January 1960 The journal of the Archaeological Institute of America Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/502458 Copyright © 1960 by the Archaeological Institute of America. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Nikolai Konstantinovich Roerich, whose 150th anniversary is widely celebrated in 2024, is one of those artists and thinkers in the history of world culture, about whom countless works have been written by specialists in different fields. These include art historians, philosophers, and experts in esoteric teachings. The article presents a review of Elena G. Soini’s scholarly monograph, “N.K. Roerich: Hieroglyphics of Northern Life” (2022). The author of the research has devoted a big portion of her professional career to the study of N. K. Roerich’s legacy. The book about Roerich is a unique synthesis of philological and art-historian research methodologies applied to the material under study. The work demonstrates the strong influence of the Scandinavian cultural tradition on the formation of Roerich’s personality and worldview. It also reveals the underlying commonality between Roerich’s painting and the Scandinavian National Romantic style.