Imaginaires et gestes de la mort en cendres: une recherche-création pour explorer la dispersion hors des cimetières et des jardins du souvenir

One limitation of social robots has been the ability of the models they operate on to infer meaningful social information about people's subjective perceptions, specifically from non-invasive behavioral cues. Accordingly, our paper aims to demonstrate how different deep learning architectures trained on data from human-robot, human-human, and human-agent interactions can help artificial agents to extract meaning, in terms of people's subjective perceptions, in speech-based interactions. Here we focus on identifying people's perceptions of their subjective self-disclosure (i.e., to what extent one perceives to be sharing personal information with an agent). We approached this problem in a data-first manner, prioritizing high quality data over complex model architectures. In this context, we aimed to examine the extent to which relatively simple deep neural networks could extract non-lexical features related to this kind of subjective self perception. We show that five standard neural network architectures and one novel architecture, which we call a Hopfield Convolutional Neural Network, are all able to extract meaningful features from speech data relating to subjective self-disclosure.

Assessment of the subjective perception of music quality using psychoacoustic approach

There were three purposes of the present research. The first was to test whether some of the discrepancies found in the hazard and risk perception literature were due to differences between the connotations of the terms hazard and risk. The second purpose was to examine the relationship between willingness to read warnings and generalized cautious intent, as well as other relevant variables suggested by past literature. The third purpose was to examine the relation between objective measures of injury (e.g., frequencies of hospital emergency room admissions) and people's subjective perceptions. The results showed that the expressions of hazardous, risky, dangerous and hazardous-to-use connote the same meaning to lay participants. Strong intercorrelations were found between overall unsafeness (a composite of the four hazard-risk expressions), injury severity, cautious intent, and willingness to read warnings. While injury likelihood played a small part in the prediction of willingness to read warnings, the results indicated that overall unsafeness (and severity of injury) play the foremost role in people's judgements of whether to read warnings and to act cautiously. No relationship was observed between objective measures of injury frequency and people's subjective perceptions of injury likelihood which is taken as a further indication that people do not readily use injury likelihood in their judgements of product safety. The implications are two-fold. First, the results suggest that lay persons do not interpret the term risk in the same way as do experts. These results suggest that other terminology and language may be needed to express probability to lay persons. Second, the results suggest that designers of warnings and educational materials should focus their attention to ways that appropriately communicate how badly a person can get hurt, rather than (or to a lesser extent) the likelihood of getting hurt.

When accounting for the social-ecological impact of an ecological restoration program, both objective environmental contexts and people's subjective perceptions are required. While this kind of environmental impact assessment lacks a comprehensive perspective. We use the difference-in-differences model to evaluate the effect of the greenness of the landscape after ecological migration in the Qilian Mountains in China; and analysis of variance and fixed effects models are used to evaluate the effects of such ecological restoration programs on local people's perceptions. The results show that the ecological migration program in the Qilian Mountains has been successful at not only significantly improving remotely sensed greenness at the landscape scale, but also at enhancing immigrants' environmental perceptions. These findings demonstrate the environmental impacts of ecological migration from a social-ecological perspective, and can provide methodological implications for landscape planning to support a better understanding of ecological restoration programs in the drylands.

As defined by the World Health Organization, quality of life is a concept that is associated with the individual's personal perception in the context of the culture, value systems, and life experiences in which they live. Therefore, quality of life measurement requires a multifaceted process consisting of both objective and subjective dimensions. However, the fact that quality of life is based on subjective perceptions leads to the lack of a standardized measurement tool and a lack of consensus in the measurement of quality of life. This research is based on the assumption that subjective perceptions are the main determinant in the evaluation of quality of life. In this context, the aim of the study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool that can measure non-economic quality of life elements based on people's subjective perceptions. The study group consisted of 742 adults aged 18 and over, including Kırıkkale High Specialization Hospital staff and Ankara Yenimahalle Municipality employees. As a result of the analyses, a structure consisting of five sub-dimensions and 17 items that can be considered a valid and reliable measurement tool for measuring subjective quality of life was obtained. This study emphasizes the subjective dimension of the concept of quality of life and focuses on individuals' evaluation of quality of life based on their own experiences and perceptions. The obtained measurement tool can be used in further research in the field of quality of life and can contribute to the literature in this field. It can also be an important source of information for the planning and implementation of health policies and services. Keywords: World Health Organization, subjective quality of life, Kırıkkale Yüksek İhtisas Hospital, Ankara Yenimahalle Municipality

Although advanced technologies (i.e., artificial intelligence (AI), robots) are often discussed as drivers of societal inequality, our research examines whether people living in more unequal societies tend to view technology as a greater threat to jobs in general. Building from research that societal inequality heightens concerns about status hierarchies and future resource attainment, we anticipated that workers in more unequal societies would tend to view AI/robots as greater threats (e.g., AI/robots as job destroyers). Utilizing the Eurobarometer 87.1 dataset, we found that country inequality, as operationalized via the Gini Index, was positively associated with perceptions that AI/robots pose threats of general job loss. These relationships occurred when controlling for people's perceptions of technological threat to their own personal job, technology skills and interests, and demographics. Moreover, these findings are robust across alternative operationalizations of inequality including the Human Inequality Index and people's subjective perceptions of current and future inequality in their country. These findings advance theory on inequality and suggest that the broader context-both objective and perceived-may play a role in how people view disruption associated with AI/robots at work.

This article provides a summary and synthesis of Section I of this book. It considers the emerging themes from this section, including the influences on changing societal and cultural norms over time, the importance of people's subjective perceptions and experiences of their appearance, the influence of gatekeepers to care, and the implications that the myriad of factors influencing appearance concerns have for theory in this field.

It has been found, that despite the improvement of the objective health indicators, people's subjective perception of health is that health indicators are getting worse (Barsky A.J., 1988), which is one of the reasons why a new term “modern health worries” is coming into use in medical literature (Petrie K.J., Wessely S., 2002). People are worried and scared of the effect of new high tech innovations (effect of cell phone radiation, environmental pollution, ozone layer depletion, etc.), changes in manufacturing of food products (genetically modified food, food concentrates etc.). Nowadays, many people, being worried about their health, turn to new eating habits (veganism), defend themselves against various innovations in the health system (vaccination), etc. It could be defined as fear of consequences of scientific progress. The reason of fear is not only the misunderstanding of scientific innovations. Quite often, it is a belief in pseudoscientific theories (for example, “conspiracy”) or belief in the paranormal phenomena (karma violations, disruption of the cosmic plan). In a part of cases protesters against vaccines and genetically modified food belong to new religious movements which are based on belief in the paranormal and magical thinking. Magical thinking predisposes to the negative attitude towards scientific assumptions and innovations, like a genetically modified food (Saher, 2006). Aim of study. To study the correlation between pseudoscientific assumptions, belief in the paranormal and modern health worries. This condition of modern health worries is becoming important for health care system. It causes the increase in the number of symptoms (Koteles et al., 2011), which, in its turn, increases the doctors' visit rate on one hand (Rief W et al., 2012), but, on the other hand, increases evasion to attend traditional medical care activities. Part of supporters of pseudoscientific beliefs experiences anxiety as to the bad food toxins accumulating in the body and undertake unnecessary procedures, like an excessive detoxication of the body by means of enema. Some are of the opinion that meat promotes aggressiveness, while different esoteric theories advise to develop peacefulness and altruism. Consumption of meat can be addressed to as an offense against cosmic morality and karma. Part of supporters of pseudoscientific theories considers scientifically-educated doctors as wreckers, the disinterested, persons who are financially interested in orders of commercial firms and therefore entrust the treatment of even serious diseases to alternative medicine specialists (SKDS, 2012). Turning to unconventional, magical medicine is promoted also by the fact, that part of the people who believe in the magic, view the “healing energy” as being more “natural” and harmless. Functional somatoform disorders, due to modern health worries, can also be “healed” by specialists of unconventional medicine. Since the emotional factors are decisive in the etiopathogenesis of these symptoms, the unconventional medical approach promotes the decrease of functional symptoms. A vicious circle develops – belief in the magic and the paranormal things causes symptoms, at the same time the belief in the magic alleviates the same symptoms. Asa result, a literature review was done on the interrelationship of pseudoscientific assumptions and health worries. Conclusion. When treating the patients worried about their health, one has to take into account the aspects of complicated subjective perception, including belief in paranormal phenomena, pseudoscientific theories and prevalence of magical thinking.

Creating a successful public outdoor space for the city people is significantly affected by the sensation of thermal comfort, which is influenced by the local microclimate. With the increase in the complexity of the urban environment and the excessive change in the climate, there is a great need to quantitatively assess the thermal comfort in outdoor spaces to help designers and decision makers to establish the optimum scenario from the first stages of design. The traditional methods of assessment have been criticized for dependency on people's subjective perceptions and responses to different thermal environments. This chapter aims to explore the potentials and limitations of the “Digital Simulation” as one of the methods that allow objective assessment. This chapter tackles several related issues and discusses researchers' recent attempts and contributions, which would help the readers to understand the pros and cons of using the digital simulation method in outdoor thermal comfort assessment and proposes possible solutions for several challenges.

Broadening the Conceptualization of Participation of Persons With Physical Disabilities: A Configurative Review and Recommendations

The task of style transfer is to transfer the style of the target image to the required image. In recent years, there have been increasing studies on image style transfer. and now it is often used in animation production, software interface beautification, image expansion and the creation of a variety of styles of decorative patterns. As these algorithms are proposed, how to evaluate algorithms will become an important problem, only with evaluation can comparative analysis be carried out and algorithms can continue to develop and progress. The importance of evaluation can not be underestimated. This paper firstly systematically combs and introduces the evaluation method of algorithm from subjective and objective aspects. Subjective methods are divided into two parts: questionnaire and User Study, which mainly rely on people's subjective perception and are easily influenced by subjects. The objective method evaluates the algorithm from a more accurate perspective, mainly including relying on statistics and evaluation indicators. Secondly, this paper introduces the experiments using several evaluation methods and evaluates their effects. Finally, it points out the problems existing in the current evaluation methods to provide the direction for the follow-up research.

HintergrundDie aktuelle Coronapandemie wirkt sich unterschiedlich auf das Alltagsleben älterer Menschen aus. Im Rahmen der pandemiebedingten Schutzmaßnahmen wurden insbesondere Personen ab 65 Jahren gebeten, direkte Kontakte und den Aufenthalt im öffentlichen Raum zu meiden.ZielDie vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, wie sich die Pandemie auf das Gefühl der eingeschränkten täglichen Versorgung, auf die Bewegung im Freien und die sozialen Kontakte bei Personen ab 50 Jahren ausgewirkt hat.Material und MethodeZwischen Mai und Juni 2020 wurden 1011 in der Schweiz lebende Personen ab 50 Jahren telefonisch befragt. Das Durchschnittsalter der Befragten liegt bei 65 Jahren, und 53 % der befragten Personen sind Frauen.ErgebnisseDie Untersuchung zeigt, dass die befragten Personen insgesamt kaum negative Veränderungen in Bezug auf ihre Versorgung mit Dingen des alltäglichen Gebrauchs oder Bewegung im Freien spürten. Jedoch gaben 43 % der Befragten an, während der Pandemie und den damit verbundenen Schutzmaßnahmen häufiger das Gefühl gehabt zu haben, zu wenig Zeit mit Menschen verbringen zu können, die ihnen wichtig sind. Multivariate Auswertungen zeigen, dass bei der Bewertung der drei Alltagsbereiche der Faktor Bildung eine Rolle spielt.SchlussfolgerungDie Studie zeigt mögliche Alltagseinschränkungen älterer Menschen unter Pandemiebedingungen auf und sollte zur Diskussion anregen, um die subjektiven Wahrnehmungen der älteren Menschen in der praktischen gerontologischen Arbeit besser berücksichtigen zu können.

Communication between road users, especially between vulnerable road users and drivers, is an important part of road traffic. Often, small nuances such as gestures, facial expressions or eye contact determine the subsequent behaviour of those involved. For example, eye contact with the driver helps pedestrians to make a decision about when to cross the road. With automated vehicles (AVs), the ability to communicate with the person in the driver's seat is limited, as they no longer necessarily control the vehicles behaviour. AVs perceive their environment via a multitude of sensors. Towards the environment, however, a communication channel has been missing until the latest research about external human-machine interfaces (eHMI). For eHMIs, there are various concepts and studies on design, modality and positioning. So far, there is a lack of experience on the integration of eHMIs into the exterior design of vehicles in terms of their perception by pedestrians and other road users. A large number of studies have already shown that vehicle exterior design has an influence on people's subjective perception and associated actions. In this paper, this preconditioning will be investigated in relation to the degree of integration of eHMI in interaction with visible or invisible sensor clusters. For this purpose, different degrees of eHMI integration are applied to a concept car and investigated in an eye-tracking study with regard to their influence on the sensations of other road users. This results in findings for the design of safety-relevant eHMIs to strengthen the trust in AVs among the general population.For this paper, we conducted a literature review on the design and limitations of designing of eHMIs. In particular, studies on the location of eHMIs, their modality (light, symbol or text) and colour stood out. In order to be able to make statements about the integration of eHMI into the vehicle exterior design, the research results were categorised according to the degree of integration into additive, integrative and integral eHMI.Since visual attention plays a significant role when viewing vehicles with eHMIs, the study was designed with eye tracking anaylsis. In this, the test persons are shown renderings in ¾ front and ¾ rear perspective of a concept vehicle on the screen, which represent different degrees of integration of eHMI. The stimulus patterns show additive eHMI in the form of attached roof bars, surrounding light text bands on the roof, as integrative eHMI as well as integral eHMI in the exterior design in the form of central, fully integrated display surfaces at the front and rear. In addition, to test interactions with the visibility of sensor clusters, each configuration was combined with both visible and invisible sensor clusters.The test persons evaluated each of the stimulus patterns by means of a questionnaire regarding their subjective impression in the context of use cases (road crossing scenario). The evaluation with regard to different factors provides statements about the system trust through eHMI, the appealing and recognisability of eHMIs as well as the interaction with the sensor clusters typical for automated vehicles.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONThe research has shown that the type and degree of integration of eHMI into the vehicle exterior design is of relevant importance for design perception, evaluation and thus design. The degree of integration has an impact on perceptual factors such as recognisability or appealof AVs. To replace the subtle but efficient communication between driver and pedestrian in the context of a future vehicle exterior design, it is beneficial if the eHMI represents a salient stimulus and can be interpreted clearly.OUTLOOKFurthermore, it should be investigated whether vehicles with a personifying exterior design and a human-interacting eHMI (cf. Jaguar Eye-Pods) show more positive effects on communication and recognisability than conventional, machine-like eHMI. This would come close to merging classic vehicle design with robotic design, meaning the transfer of human characteristics to machines.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis research was supported by Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action in the national research project RUMBA.

As conventionally measured, current household income relative to a poverty line can only partially explain how Russian adults perceive their economic welfare. Other factors include past incomes, individual incomes, household consumption, current unemployment, risk of unemployment, health status, education, and relative income in the area of residence. Paradoxically, when economists analyze a policy's impact on welfare they typically assume that people are the best judges of their own welfare, yet resist directly asking them if they are better off. Early ideas of utility were explicitly subjective, but modern economists generally ignore people's expressed views about their own welfare. Even using a broad set of conventional socioeconomic data may not reflect well people's subjective perceptions of their poverty. Ravallion and Lokshin examine the determinants of subjective economic welfare in Russia, including its relationship to conventional objective indicators. For data on subjective perceptions, they use survey responses in which respondents rate their level of welfare from poor to rich on a nine-point ladder. As an objective indicator of economic welfare, they use the most common poverty indicator in Russia today, in which household incomes are deflated by household-specific poverty lines. They find that Russian adults with higher family income per equivalent adult are less likely to place themselves on the lowest rungs of the subjective ladder and more likely to put themselves on the upper rungs. But current household income does not explain well self-reported assessments of whether someone is poor or rich. Expanding the set of variables to include incomes at different dates, expenditures, educational attainment, health status, employment, and average income in the area of residence doubles explanatory power. Healthier and better educated adults with jobs perceive themselves to be better off, controlling for income. The unemployed view their welfare as lower, even with full income replacement. Individual income matters independent of per capita household income. Relative income also matters. Living in a richer area lowers perceived economic welfare, controlling for income and other factors. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to better understand the relationship between objective and subjective economic welfare. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Policies for Poor Areas (RPO 681-39).

BackgroundThis paper aims to develop a Chinese version of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) indices and to measure China’s progress towards UHC.MethodsNineteen indicators were selected based on expert consultations to construct indices of accessibility and affordability to measure UHC. Data were drawn from health statistics yearbooks, nationally representative surveys, and health system reform surveillance. The index of accessibility includes absolute accessibility (to essential health services), relative accessibility (to hospital care) and people’s subjective perceptions. The index of affordability includes absolute affordability (the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure, CHE), relative affordability (the composition of health expenditure), and people’s subjective perceptions.ResultsThe indices of accessibility and affordability both showed steady increases over the 17 years considered. Absolute accessibility had the most significant improvement (from 23.6 in 2002 to 73.8 in 2018), while the index of relative accessibility decreased from 81.4 in 2002 to 67.3 in 2018. The index of absolute affordability decreased significantly from 46.6 in 2002 to 30.5 in 2010 and then exhibited an increasing trend afterwards, reaching 52.1 in 2018. The index of relative affordability continuously increased during the observation period, from 35.3 to 75.4.ConclusionsChina has made great progress in increasing the accessibility and affordability of health services since the health system reforms in 2009. However, integrating primary health care and hospital care and containing escalating medical expenditure to further reduce patients’ financial burdens are key challenges for strengthening the Chinese health system.