Abstract
The two most important limitations of the human eye are identified as the spectral range, which can be extended by image converters and sensitivity, which can be augmented by image intensification. Various kinds of converter are discussed and a brief mention of ultrasonic and thermal imaging principles is given. Intensifier tubes are shown to offer a basic improvement in perception at very low light levels, where the quantum nature of light is important. The critical parameters of image intensifier tubes are dealt with, including a brief discussion of various attempts to obtain high brightness gain in intensifier tubes by employing more than one stage of image intensification. This is followed by a description of the phenomenon of channel electron multiplication, and a discussion of its application to image intensifier tubes.
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