Illocutionary Acts by Zelensky in Meeting Donal Trump on the Russia-Ukraine War.

ABSTRACTLearning language will also relate to speech act. When a speaker produce an utterance as well as utilize it to perform an action, it means that the speaker practices speech acts. In another hand, speech acts can be defined as an utterance used by speaker to perform an action. Speech acts are divided into three such as locutionary act, illocutionary act, and perlocutionary act. One of them is illocutionary act. The illocutionary act refers to what someone does in saying something. In this act, illocutionary force is the speaker’s intent addressed to hearer. This research is aimed to find the types of illocutionary acts and identifying about how utterances in the Donald Trump’s speeches are able to be included into certain type of illocutionary acts be based on Searle’s theory. This research is designed in descriptive qualitative. The data is collected by documentation. The primary data are taken from two transcripts of Donald Trump’s presidential candidacy speeches. While the secondary data are related theories obtained from literary books and journals. The procedure of analyzing the data starts by finding out the types of illocutionary acts in the Donald Trump’s presidential candidacy speeches by using the illocutionary acts’ classifications proposed by Searle (1969). After that, the researcher also identifies about the different frequency of illocutionary acts appearances and the dominant illoctionary acts appeared in the Donald Trump’s presidential candidacy speeches. The finding shows that the type of illocutionary acts found in the Donald Trump’s speeches were assertive, commissive, expressive, and directive. Eventhough the types of illocutionary acts found in Donald Trump’s speeches were exactly the same, but they were different in the frequency of appearance. Donald Trump produced mostly assertive type of illocutionary acts and also asserting category of illocutionary type in both of the speeches. Moreover, some utterances are included into assertive type of illocutionary acts due to the fact that they have a suitability with the explanation of assertive type of illocutionary acts proposed by Searle.Keywords: Illocutionary Acts, Speech Acts, Presidential Candidacy Speeches.

This study deals with an analysis of illocutionary act in Donald Trump’s utterances in his Victory Speech in the United States election 2016. The objectives of this study are to identify types of illocutionary act used by Donald Trump and to identify the most dominant type of illocutionary act. The data was taken from www.youtube.com .In this study, the researchers applieddocumentation technique in collecting the dataand the descriptive qualitative method was used to analyze the data. The researchers used Yule’s theory forthe types of illocutionary acts.The findings showed that there are five types of illocutionary acts found in this study including declarative (DC) occurs (2), representative (RP) occurs (46), expressive (EV) occurs (38), directive (DR) occurs (7), and commissive (CM) occurs (24).The researchers also find mostly performs in Donald Trump’s utterances in Victory Speech is, and informing his victory and his plan as the new representative act which is refers tostating, asserting, predicting, retelling president of United States to the audience. Keywords :speech acts, illocutionary acts, victory speech.

An illocutionary act is a speech act that is usually identified by explicit performative sentences. The research on illocutionary acts in vlogs is an action that shows the meaning of speech during communication. This study aims to describe illocutionary acts on Fiersa Besari's vlog YouTube channel Jangan Lupa Senyum Part 1 along with its speech function. The method used in this research is the descriptive method. The form of research used here is qualitative research. The data source in this study is the vlog Jangan Lupa Senyum Part 1 on the Fiersa Besari YouTube channel. The data in this study are transcripts of conversations between characters in vlogs. Data collection techniques in research using the observation method and note-taking techniques. The findings in the research in this vlog were only 15 utterances of illocutionary speech acts. From the 15 utterances, 7 data on assertive illocutionary acts, 2 directive illocutionary acts, and 7 expressive illocutionary acts. From this research, it is expected that we can understand the function of illocutionary acts that are relevant to everyday life

This analysis entitled "Illocutionary Act Performed by Meilin in Turning Red the Movie," aims at determining and analysing the types of illocutionary acts and direct and indirect illocutionary acts performed by Meilin as the main character in "Turning Red." This analysis was based on qualitative research, and data was collected through the documentation method and a note-taking technique. After collecting all relevant data, the data were analysed using the descriptive qualitative method. The data source was the utterances of Meilin, the main character in "Turning Red," the movie. This article analysed the data using the types of illocutionary acts theory proposed by Searle (1979) to categorise and analyse the collected data into five groups: declarations, assertive, expressive, directives, and commissives; and the approach proposed by Yule (1996) to determine and analyse direct and indirect illocutionary acts. Based on the result of the analysis, there were only four types of illocutionary acts used by Meilin in the movie: assertive, directive, commissive, and expressive. Assertive was expressed 17 times, directive was expressed 20 times, commissive appeared 9 times, and expressive appeared 2 times. In this analysis, no declaration acts were found because there were no utterances by Meilin that contained utterances to declare something. Therefore, the analysis also found that direct speech was the type most often expressed by Meilin; it was expressed 25 times, while indirect speech was only expressed 23 times. She mostly expressed her utterances directly because that is the easiest way to communicate with the listener. Keywords: Illocutionary acts, Types of illocutionary acts, Direct and indirect acts

The purpose of this study is to decribe the illocutionary acts contained in the film Keluarga Cemara and their implications for learning Indonesian in senior high school. This study used descriptive qualitative methods. The technique used in this research is the free-of-conversation listening technique (SBLC) followed by the note-taking technique. The data analysis technique used in this research is heuristic data analysis technique. The results showed that there were types of illocutionary acts in the film dialog of Keluarga Cemara, which consisted of assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative speech acts. The illocutionary acts are spoken either directly or indirectly using declarative, imperative, and interrogative speech modes. The dominating illocutionary act is the directive illocutionary act. The dominant speech form is the direct speech act. This research is implicated as an Indonesian language learning material in class XI senior high school regarding drama texts.

Every utterance produced by a speaker has its own type and function. However, this research focuses on illocutionary speech acts. This research aims to describe the types and functions of illocutionary speech acts in the conversation between Elon Musk and the moderator at TED Talk 2022 and describe the function of these speech acts. This data is in the form of sentences and clauses in conversations between Elon Musk and Chris Anderson which contain illocutionary acts. The data source was collected through observation methods using transcribing and note-taking techniques by watching and listening to video to know the context. The data is analyzed qualitatively using the theory proposed by Searle to study various types of illocutionary acts, followed by the theory proposed by Leech regarding the functions of illocutionary acts. The data analysis method used in this study is constant comparative or often called the equivalent method. The problems in this research are (1) What speech acts are contained in the conversation between Elon Musk and the moderator and (2) What is the function of each utterance. The results show that there are 4 types of speech acts in the conversation between Elon Musk and the moderator, namely (1) Assertive, (2) Directive, (3) Commissive, and (4) Expressive. Based on the function of illocutionary speech, two functions are obtained, namely (1) Collaborative function and (2) Convival function. The researcher suggests that further research needs to be carried out to understand illocutionary acts in conversation to be able to provide information and it is also necessary to pay attention to the context and situation to understand the meaning.

Understanding meaning in political discourse is crucial, as a speaker’s intentions shape public perception and influence audience perspectives. While many studies have explored speech acts in political contexts, there is still limited analysis focusing specifically on the locutionary and illocutionary acts of Indonesian presidential candidates, particularly in the 2024 debates. This study aims to analyze the types and frequency of locutionary and illocutionary acts used by Anies Baswedan in the first presidential candidate debate of 2024, as well as to interpret the meanings embedded in these speech acts. Employing a qualitative descriptive design, the research collects data in the form of clauses containing types of locutionary and illocutionary acts as the primary source, which then were identified and categorized. The findings reveal 40 instances of locutionary acts, dominated by assertive acts (26), followed by phonetic acts (14) and retic acts (8). Additionally, 42 illocutionary acts were identified, with phatic actions (18) being the most frequent, followed by phonetic (14) and retic actions (8). The analysis uncovered that many of these acts carried persuasive meanings aimed at convincing listeners during the debate. This study offers insights into how Indonesian political figures strategically use language, providing a basis for future research on persuasive speech in political campaigns.

This paper is entitled Representative and Commissive Illocutionary Acts in Donald Trump’s Inauguration Speech. The aims of this study are to find out the classification and the intended meaning of the representative and commissive illocutionary act found in the speech. The research method used in the study was qualitative analysis method. The data were collected from the Donald Trump’s inauguration speech transcript and then identified the function of the illocutionary act and explained the intended meaning. Based on the analysis, the functions of the representative illocutionary act that were found are stating, predicting. affirming, describing and denying. Meanwhile, the function types of commissive illocutionary act are assuring, promising and pledging. The intended meanings that were found in the context of situation analysis are presenting, unifying, revealing, clarifying, convincing and committing.

The current research is devoted to the comparative and contrastive analysis of Donald Trump’s victory and inaugural speeches. Its objective is to identify their similarities and differences from the functional and linguistic points of view. The research consists of several stages. First, the two genres of discourse in question are defined. Then, an overview of their functions is provided. Next, the linguistic means of performing them are analyzed. The results of the research indicate that, due to their main goals, the genres in question express certain functions, which can be verbally expressed in various ways: in Trump’s victory speech the inspirative function comes to the fore, while in his inaugural address the integrative and the performative functions dominate the other ones. Furthermore, in each case linguistic peculiarities correlate with the functions: in the victory speech the focus is on the ‘greatness’ of everything and everyone, whereas in the inaugural speech words connected with patriotism prevail, which is expressed mostly by means of personal pronouns. The results of the current research may function as a basis for further analysis of the genre of the victory speech, as it has not received enough scholarly attention yet, and of the peculiarities of Donald Trump’s political discourse.

This research aimed at identifying the type of illocutionary act and the function of illocutionary act in President Donald Trump’s speech about Coronavirus Task Force Briefing in 2020. This research was designed by using Qualitative research method. The data was analyzed by using the theory of Miles, et all (2014:31-33). The result of this research showed that there were five types illocutionary act namely: verdictives, exercitives, commisives, behabitives, and expositives. Those illocutionary act found function to as evaluate, suggest, advice, promise, appreciate, and explain. Based on the results, it can be concluded expositives become as the dominant types of illocutionary act used in Donald Trump’s speech. It is suggested that illocutionary should be learned and more understand deeply.

Currently, many teachers or lecturers are using educational videos as a learning tool for students. This research aims to identify and classify the types of illocutionary speech acts found in the educational videos on social theory and citizenship on the YouTube channel GCED ISOLAedu. This research employs two main approaches, namely theoretical and methodological. By utilizing a qualitative approach with a descriptive nature, the researcher will provide a detailed and in-depth depiction of the use of illocutionary acts in the video. The data collection process involves: (1) Gathering data through the technique of free observation and conversation involvement, as well as note-taking techniques, (2) Analyzing data using matching methods and distribution methods, and (3) Presenting the data analysis using both formal and informal methods. Based on the analysis conducted on seven educational videos on Social Theory & Citizenship 2024 on the YouTube channel GCED ISOLAedu. Researchers found 143 speech acts that contain illocution. The first illocutionary act is the representative speech act, with 118 data consisting of explanations and statements. Second, the commissive speech act has 2 data points involving offers and promises. Third, the expressive speech act includes 7 data points related to greetings and expressions of gratitude. Fourth, the directive speech act comprises 15 data points that involve asking, requesting, and inviting. Lastly, the declarative speech act contains 1 data points related to commands. The benefit of this research is to provide knowledge in the field of pragmatics, particularly regarding types of illocutionary acts, and to enable an understanding of these illocutionary acts without misunderstandings in receiving the information conveyed by the speaker.

This research aims to analyze the use of illocutionary acts in the 2024 U.S. presidential debate between Kamala Harris and Donald Trump, focusing on how the candidates employ language strategically to influence public perception. Grounded in Searle’s (1979) speech act theory, which builds upon the foundational work of Austin (1962), the study investigates five categories of illocutionary acts: assertive, commissive, declarative, expressive, and directive. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were collected from the official transcript of the debate and analyzed through categorization and contextual interpretation (Yule, 1996; Thomas, 1995). The results reveal that assertive acts dominate the discourse, reflecting the candidates' efforts to build credibility and assert policy achievements or critiques. Commissive acts were used to make promises and show future commitments, while directive acts served to challenge opponents. Expressive and declarative acts helped shape emotional connections and formal policy stances. These findings demonstrate how each candidate constructs political narratives through language use, reinforcing Mey’s (2001) view that pragmatics involves understanding meaning within sociopolitical interaction. The study offers insights into the persuasive power of language in political communication and contributes to the broader field of pragmatic analysis. By synthesizing these frameworks, this study underscores the role of speech acts in crafting political narratives, shaping public perception, and advancing political communication research. Kata Kunci: illocutionary acts, assertive, commissive, declarative, expressive, directive

Illocutionary Acts is what the speaker wants to achieve by uttering something, and illocutionary acts is an utterance which has a particular conventional force. About this, illocutionary acts in Hillary Clinton’s speech is interesting to be analyzed. The purpose of this research is to analyze the types of illocutionary acts found in Hillary Clinton’s concession speech to Donald Trump. The writer used descriptive qualitative research. The main research instrument was the writer herself supported by the data analysis sheet. The data analysis was performed by categorizing the data based on Searle’s categorization of speech acts (2005) which include assertive, directives, commissives, expressive and declarative speech acts. Each category was thoroughly observed to find the answer of the research questions. The final step was presenting the data and making a conclusion in reference to the findings of the research. The research findings show that the types of illocutionary acts found in Hillary Clinton’s concession speech to Donald Trump consist of assertives, directives, commissives, expressives and declaratives. Assertions have the highest frequency of occurrence 13 types (36.1%). It is followed by directives, commissives, expressives and declaratives which occur 9 types (25%), 3 types (8.3%), 9 types (25%) and 2 types (5.6%) respectively. The dominant illocutionary acts in Hillary Clinton’s speech are assertives. Assertation showed the highest frequency of assertives. So, the total of data were 36 types of illocutionary acts founds in Hillary Clinton’s concession speech to Donald Trump.

This research is intended to discuss the illocutionary acts used in a speech mainly assertive. The writer attempts to analyze the categories of assertive illocutionary act occurs in the utterances of Donald Trump’s political speech in last America’s general election. This is a case study that employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The writer uses Ancont software to classify the data. The function of this software is to observe the frequent words occur in the data. Then, it shows that the total number of words that occurred in Donald Trump’s speech is 3046 words. Through those numbers, there are 901 types of words. However, the data used is only the open classes instead of the closed class words or grammatical category. After reducing the data, the five frequent words which are categorized as an open class appeared are ‘job’, ‘is’, ‘new’, ‘American’, and ‘are’. In this case, the data are analyzed based on the frequents words and the writer also reduces the data which are not categorized as assertive illocutionary acts. From the data analysis, it reveals that the categories of assertive illocutionary acts mostly appeared in Donald Trump’s political speech are a statement of fact and assertion. Then, the dominant category used in the speech is a statement of fact containing a convincing. It can be concluded that most of the utterances used by Donald Trump are, besides attempting to represent himself, to convince the citizens supported by some facts about the issue that he believes to be the case in order to establish a positive perspective toward his arguments.

Speech act as the actions performed in saying something This study aims to identify the level of action of speech acts and felicity condition under pragmatics theoretical framework proposed by Austin theory (1969) and support by Searle (1969) and Yule (1996). The qualitative method was used where the data was taken from the utterance of speech act expression found in the hotel review column on the TripAdvisor website from November 2022 until March 2023 using observation, documentation, and note-taking technique by employing purposive sampling technique. The analysis showed that the utterance in hotel review on TripAdvisor website used all types of speech act were locutionary act, illocutionary act, and, perlocutionary act. There were five types of felicity condition were general condition, content conditions, preparatory conditions, sincerity conditions, and essential conditions.