Abstract
Sequential IgE-binding epitopes were identified on the molecular surface of the Pis v 1 (2S albumin), Pis v 2 (11S globulin/legumin) and Pis v 3 (7S globulin/vicilin)—major allergens from pistachio (Pistacia vera) seeds—using the Spot technique. They essentially consist of hydrophilic and electropositively charged residues well exposed on the surface of the allergens. Most of the epitopic regions identified on Pis v 1 and Pis v 3 do not coincide with the putative N-glycosylation sites and thus are not considered as glycotopes. Surface analysis of these epitopic regions indicates a high degree of conformational similarity with the previously identified epitopic regions of the corresponding allergens Ana o 1 (vicilin), Ana o 2 (legumin) and Ana o 3 (2S albumin) from the cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nut. These results offer a molecular basis for the IgE-binding cross-reactivity often observed between pistachio and cashew nut. They support the recommendation for prescribing pistachio avoidance in cashew allergic patients. Other conformational similarities were identified with the corresponding allergens Ses i 1 (2S albumin), Ses i 3 (vicilin) and Ses i 6 (legumin) from sesame (Sesamum indicum), and Jug r 1 (2S albumin), Jug r 2 (vicilin) and Jug r 4 (legumin) from walnut (Juglans regia). Conversely, conformation of most of the epitopic regions of the pistachio allergens often differs from that of epitopes occurring on the molecular surface of the corresponding Ara h 1 (vicilin), Ara h 2 (2S albumin) and Ara h 3 (legumin) allergens from peanut (Arachis hypogaea).
Highlights
The IgE-mediated anaphylaxis to tree nuts, such as almond (Prunus dulcis), Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa), cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale), hazelnut (Corylus avellana), pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis), pistachio nut (Pistacia vera), walnut (Juglans regia), has become a public health concern, responsible for a major proportion of often severe anaphylactic shocks in both children and adults [1,2,3]
(superoxyde dismutase) unrelated to seed storage proteins, was identified in pistachio [12]. These allergens closely resemble the corresponding allergens from peanut [13,14,15] and other tree nuts, and cross-react, especially, with the 7S globulin Ana o 1, the 11S globulin Ana o 2 and the 2S albumin Ana o 3 of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) [16,17], which belongs to the same botanical family of Anacardiaceae
The present work was aimed at identifying the IgE-binding epitopes of the major allergens of pistachio, Pis v 1 (2S albumin), Pis v 2 (11S globulin/legumin), and Pis v 3 (7S globulin/vicilin), as the molecular basis for their cross-reactivity with other corresponding tree nut allergens
Summary
The IgE-mediated anaphylaxis to tree nuts, such as almond (Prunus dulcis), Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa), cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale), hazelnut (Corylus avellana), pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis), pistachio nut (Pistacia vera), walnut (Juglans regia), has become a public health concern, responsible for a major proportion of often severe anaphylactic shocks in both children and adults [1,2,3]. Another major allergen, Pis v 4, which consists of a [Mn]SOD (superoxyde dismutase) unrelated to seed storage proteins, was identified in pistachio [12]. These allergens closely resemble the corresponding allergens from peanut (the 7S globulin Ara h 1, the v2S albumin Ara h 2, and the 11S globulin Ara h 3) [13,14,15] and other tree nuts, and cross-react, especially, with the 7S globulin Ana o 1, the 11S globulin Ana o 2 and the 2S albumin Ana o 3 of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) [16,17], which belongs to the same botanical family of Anacardiaceae. The present work was aimed at identifying the IgE-binding epitopes of the major allergens of pistachio, Pis v 1 (2S albumin), Pis v 2 (11S globulin/legumin), and Pis v 3 (7S globulin/vicilin), as the molecular basis for their cross-reactivity with other corresponding tree nut allergens
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