IgA Nephropathy – Current and Future Perspectives in Treatment

Abstract

Abstract Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulopathy in our adult population and is associated with a high lifetime risk of kidney failure. Recent years have succeeded in describing the pathogenesis of IgAN at the molecular level, where immune complexes containing specific galactose deficient IgA1 play an essential role. The gold standard in the diagnosis of IgAN remains renal biopsy followed by determination of a prognostic score using the Oxford classification. A fundamental goal in the management of patients with IgAN is to optimize supportive therapy involving active lifestyle modification and renoprotective medications. The reno-protective drug menu has recently been expanded to include effective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), and additional agents are on the way. However, despite maximal supportive therapy, a wide range of patients remain at high risk of disease progression and require the deployment of immunomodulatory drugs. To date, however, we do not have high potency agents that are well tolerated and safe. This has led to the initiation of many studies to target the inflammatory process at different pathogenetic levels. In this article, we summarize the current standards in the treatment of IgAN and present new promising options in the management of this disease.