Abstract
Abstract. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) systems have been invaluable tools for over two decades, but there are few authoritative standards that characterize these systems or define the data and metadata they produce. Manufacturers calibrate instruments and report specifications differently and, in some cases, the same term has different definitions among HSI programs.To address these inconsistencies, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS) sponsored Project 4001 (P4001), a Hyperspectral Working Group under the auspices of IEEE’s Standards Association. Since its inception in 2018, the IEEE P4001 Working Group has been working to specify testing and characterization methods for HSI device manufacturers, as well as recommend data structures and terminology for HSI products.P4001 focuses on the ultraviolet through the shortwave infrared spectral range (~250 to 2500 nm) and prioritizes camera technologies that are in widespread use. Many aspects of the standard will have wider applicability with respect to camera technology and wavelength range, and updates will expand the range of technologies and topics covered. Industrial, laboratory and geoscience use cases are informing the development of the standard. Utilization of the P4001 HSI standard will lead to HSI systems with consistent characterization and calibration criteria, as well as interoperable data products with a common lexicon for data and metadata.
Highlights
Proliferation of Hyperspectral SystemsThe number of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) devices has grown, as has the market for these devices
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) systems have been invaluable tools for over two decades, but there are few authoritative standards that characterize these systems or define the data and metadata they produce
The two HSI standards for datasets encoded under the National Imagery Transmission Format (NITF) are the 2011 Implementation Profile for Tactical Hyperspectral Imagery (HSI) Systems (NGA.IP.0006, 2011) and the 2019 Spectral NITF Implementation Profile (SNIP) (NGA.STND.0072_1.0_SNIP, 2019), which updated and augmented the 2011 HSI standard
Summary
The number of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) devices has grown, as has the market for these devices. The price of hyperspectral systems has decreased, making the technology more cost-effective for a wider range of applications. It is beyond the scope of this manuscript to describe all the practical applications of hyperspectral imaging devices, as there are too many to list. Traditional benchtop, handheld, airborne, and satellite platforms continue to be relevant, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and small satellites may host HSI devices. Hyperspectral imaging datasets are available to the masses via internet-accessible public domain data repositories. The U.S Geological Survey’s Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center archive contains HSI datasets collected by NASA’s Hyperion sensor, which launched in November 2000 and was decommissioned in March 2017.
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