Abstract
For many years text-immanent approaches to literature have dominated the scene of Afrikaans literary criticism. This article adds a voice to the ‘spontaneous' discourse in which ethical norms (especially socio-political guidelines), too, come into play when a literary text is studied. Since the context in which a text is written and read is of great importance in such an approach, speech act theory is used in order to determine the intentions (illocutions) of the writer in the texts, as well as the reactions (perlocutions) of readers to the text. The purpose of this is mainly to establish whether critique of ideology manifests itself in speech acts directed towards freedom and dignity for all people. On the other hand there may also be signs of unconscious ideological illocutions in the contradictions which occur within or between the different levels of communication (macro, meso and micro). These contradictions are related to socio-political contradictions which are repressed within the South African community. In order to illustrate this kind of approach, three novels of Etienne van Heerden are discussed, viz. Om te awol (1984), Toorberg (1986) and Casspirs en Campari's (1991).
Highlights
Tot aan die einde van die sewentigerjare het ‘norme en vvaardes’ rondom die Afrikaanse letterkunde hoofsaaklik ter sprake gekom in die gedaante van moreeletiese kwessies
Elkeen kan egter hier invul wat vir hom/haar as egte norme en waardes geld - solank dit nie eie belange verhef o f tot nadeel van ander strek nie
Om oortuigend te kan illustreer dat 'n skrywer literêre taalhandelinge uitvoer wat 'n bepaalde uitwerking het op die gem eenskap waarvan hy/sy deel is, sou gedetailleerde ontledings van die gesprekke op al die onderskeibare gespreksvlakke van die tekste nodig wees
Summary
Tot aan die einde van die sewentigerjare het ‘norme en vvaardes’ rondom die Afrikaanse letterkunde hoofsaaklik ter sprake gekom in die gedaante van moreeletiese kwessies. Dit was hoofsaaklik persone en groepe van buite die literêre terrein wat hulleself hieroor uitgespreek het. Hierdie soort moralisme word nie aangetref by die paar literatore wat by geleentheid stemme laat opgaan het vir die inagneming van lewensbeskoulike aspekte by die beoordeling van literêre tekste nie Diegene wat die ‘sentrale’ posisie van die literêre teks hoog geag het, sou mettertyd met 'n gedugter vyand te doen kry. In haar publikasie verw ys Ronél Johl (1986:xi) by geleentheid na "die Calviniste, die onderdmkte kleurgroepe (...), en die sogenaamde neo-M arxiste", dit wil sê diegene wat spontaan ook ander nonne as net die ‘literêre’ (strukturele/stilistieke/estetiese) na die teks bring. * 'n Totalitêre diskoers wat aanspraak maak op absolute waarheid, soos die wat nog in sekere skole geld - die onderw yser (opsteller van studiehandleiding) besluit w at 'n teks beteken en basta!
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