Identity and political consciousness in Southern Mozambique, 1930–1974: two Presbyterian biographies contextualised

This article explores how school-based counselling might impact young people's capacity to study and learn. Previous research has indicated that counselling in schools has an indirect positive impact on academic achievement. A mixed methods approach, using a semi-structured qualitative interview and a brief rating scale, was employed with 21 young people who have been recipients of school-based counselling in the UK. The findings from the interviews were analysed thematically. All participants felt counselling had in some way benefited their studying and learning. Counselling was perceived by clients as positively impacting upon their academic achievement by improving their concentration, motivation to study and attend school, behaviour in class and relationships with teachers. The findings replicate evidence from previous research that school-based counselling indirectly benefits young people's capacity to study and learn.

Trans and gender-diverse young people seek help from alcohol and drug services at higher rates than their cisgender peers. However, little is known about the factors that influence their capacities to manage problematic substance use. The aim of this study was to explore social relationships as a potential factor shaping these capacities. In the qualitative study reported here, 12 interviews were conducted with five young people aged 19 to 21 years who identified as trans, nonbinary, or both. Interviews were conducted during and following participants' engagement with alcohol and drug treatment programmes across two Australian states. We found that participants' social relationships influenced their self-reported capacities to manage their substance use in both supportive and detrimental ways. Experiences of gender-based discrimination and the alcohol and drug practices of those in participants' social networks were identified as highly influential. Social relationships facilitated access to resources and shaped motivation to reduce substance use. These insights resonated with the experiences of cisgender young people, with some key points of differentiation. Findings suggest the need for alcohol and drug services to provide more responsive support for trans and gender-diverse young people within and beyond their direct engagements with services. IMPLICATIONS Understanding the experiences of trans and gender-diverse young people and how these shape their capacities to manage problematic substance use will enable services to deliver more culturally responsive support. Recognising the influence of social relationships in trans and gender-diverse young people's capacities to manage substance use will assist services in addressing the broader social contexts shaping their substance use. Clarifying how social relationships can both support and undermine trans and gender-diverse young people's capacities to manage substance use will assist staff to build more supportive relationships with people who use services.

INTRODUCTION: To apply artificial intelligence technology to ideological and political education in colleges and universities, as well as to combine artificial intelligence technology with ideological and political education in colleges and universities, it is necessary that wireless networks have complete coverage. OBJECTIVES: How can ideological and political education in universities and colleges be merged with artificial intelligence? How can artificial intelligence be used to support progressive political education at the college level? Starting with these issues, this paper will focus on the development of ideological and political education in colleges and universities as its main research question and refer to artificial intelligence technology as a method of ideological and political education in colleges and universities supported by wireless networks. METHODS: By examining the characteristics of artificial intelligence and ideological education in colleges and universities, and combining the poor immediacy and weak timeliness of information dissemination, as well as the low degree of identification of student groups with the theoretical courses of ideological education in the field of ideological education under the view of artificial intelligence, to explore the path of innovation of ideological education, RESULTS: In order to adapt to the demands of AI technology and improve people's capacity to use AI learning software, we need start with educators and educated individuals. Additionally, the government should encourage the development of artificial intelligence technologies financially and technically. Finally, it examines how civic education in colleges and universities could be improved through the use of artificial intelligence. This would allow civic education to benefit from the advantages of AI technology. CONCLUSION: In order to support the positive and healthy development of political education courses in colleges and universities across the nation, this paper encourages the creation of concepts and methods for teaching politics in higher education institutions.

This paper discusses the construction of the ecological field of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, emphasizing the characteristics of diversified integration and development. As a complete ecosystem, innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities includes the elements of educational value leading, professional knowledge teaching, information literacy cultivation and practical ability cultivation. Problems and challenges in the construction of the ecological field of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, as well as the thinking stereotypes and realistic obstacles that need to be overcome. This paper puts forward useful thoughts and suggestions on the construction of ecological field of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities based on the field theory.

With the continuous development and progress of information technology, China has entered the stage of comprehensive network information development. Internet technology is also gradually playing an important role in various fields. The same is true in the field of education, and the combination of the Internet and education is also an inevitable development trend. Under the background of “Internet +”, the development of ideological and political education in colleges and universities is also the same. In the process of development, reform and innovation should be actively combined with the Internet. This paper focuses on the changes of ideological and political education in colleges and universities under the background of “Internet +”, and explores the development paths of ideological and political education innovation and Internet in colleges and universities. By exploring the innovative development of ideological and political education, the quality of ideological and political education in colleges and universities can be improved, thus further improving the innovative development of ideological and political education in colleges and universities, and laying a good foundation for the development of ideological and political education. Through in-depth exploration of ideological and political education innovation and development, it can be concluded that the current innovative development of ideological and political education in universities needs to be further explored with the help of Internet information technology. At the same time, attention should be paid to the inheritance and continuation of the correct values in traditional culture, so as to achieve the organic combination of the Internet and ideological and political education in colleges and universities.

Ideological and political education in colleges and universities is an important component in the field of education. With the arrival of the information age and the continuous development of the computer field, the old approach of ideological and political education in universities has become backward, so it is necessary and urgent to apply the Internet to teaching. But at present, the reform of educational methods in universities is facing a series of difficulties and contradictions. The uncertainty and formalism of network information are all problems that need to be solved. Therefore, relevant departments need to fundamentally reform the ideological and political education in universities so as to normalize the new mode of interaction between teachers and students.

Youth is the early period of adulthood and at a high risk of emotional vulnerability that can lead to mental illness. Literature has shown that emotional intelligence (EI) can reduce mental health problems among youth. Evidence has shown that about three million Vietnamese young people are experiencing mental health problems, but only 20% of them received necessary medical assistance and treatment. This study investigates EI among Vietnamese youth to promote effective and practical solutions to improve young people's mental health and emotional capacity in Vietnam. This is a cross-sectional school-based study using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF) to assess emotional intelligence of students at Hue University. The findings reveal that students at Hue University had relatively high EI with good ability in well-being, self-control emotions, and building relationship with others. Maintaining relationships and reacting appropriately to others' feelings were the lowest ability. Students at the University of Education had better EI than those at other university institutes due to some EI aspects of the educational curriculum. Males were better than females in Self-control. There was no difference in EI between students from rural and urban areas. These findings suggest that the EI development program should be included in the education program for undergraduate students and focus on developingemotionality.

outdoor training is a kind of effective education mode of practice first and then know, its application to the college physical education, is not only beneficial to rich the teaching contents and teaching forms of physical education, prompt physical education to be interesting challenging, and effective, but also conform to the developing trend of modern curriculum reform, cultivate students'comprehensive quality and practical ability, realize the goal of physical education in colleges.This paper started with the overview of outdoor training characteristics, made analysis of the significance of outdoor training course teaching in college physical education, and put forward the specific strategies of outdoor training courses education, expecting to promote the college physical education teaching reform, and help to promote the all-round development of students. Overview of outdoor trainingOutdoor training is a kind of new modern education mode, which need according to the knowledge background and professional characteristics of the training object, targeted design project activities, to make the training object obtain inspiration in the process of the challenging project, and cultivate good psychological quality, flexible social strain capacity, strong will quality, and positive attitude towards life of training objects.Outdoor training is different from the simple combination of physical sports and entertainment, but is an effective education way has educational function, in the field of education, the outstanding features of outdoor training manifest in the following areas:

The arrival of the big data era is profoundly changing people's social structure and working methods, and the field of education is naturally not spared. Driven by a large amount of information and technology, the pace of educational change is becoming more and more rapid, and networking and intelligence have become the keywords of the new generation of education, especially in the aspect of network ideological and political education in colleges and universities, this change is more important. This paper will explore these new trends and challenges in depth, analyze their impact and significance on network ideological and political education in colleges and universities, and combine them with specific teaching cases to put forward corresponding solution strategies and directions, aiming to further promote the modernization of the cause of ideological and political education in China's colleges and universities.

Creating "Common Sense" Responses to the "Unmarried Mother" in the Irish Free State* Paul Michael Garrett (bio) To better understand the treatment of the "unmarried mother" in twentieth-century Ireland, it is important to regard the encompassing institutional order that evolved after the Free State attained a limited measure of independence in 1922.1 This economic, societal, and cultural order furnishes the context for the construction of the unmarried mother as a "social problem" demanding a solution. In this essay Antonio Gramsci's theorization of hegemony offer conceptual tools to comprehend how such a climate of opinion was created and nurtured in Free State Ireland. I will argue, moreover, that Father Richard Stanislaus Devane, S.J. (1876–1951), as well as other Catholic intellectuals in the period, operated as "primary definers" of the unmarried mother.2 Particularly significant for the essay's argument is the rarely examined testimony heard by the Commission on the Relief of the Sick and Destitute Poor, Including the Insane Poor (1927), which listened to evidence from 180 witnesses during thirty-two public sittings between May 1925 and December 1926.3 Evidence provided by [End Page 120] witnesses and members of this commission further conveys how the unmarried mother in Ireland became a criminalized figure. A somewhat neglected presence in Irish historiography, Devane was a public intellectual whom Aidan Beatty describes as one of the "most important figures in the legislative history of the Irish Free State, with a strong influence on the soft authoritarian world of post-1922 social reform and social control."4 Devane gave evidence to the 1927 commission and later to the Committee on the Criminal Law Amendment Acts, 1880–85, and Juvenile Prostitution (1931), which produced the Carrigan report (1931).5 A prominent Jesuit, he wrote a number of articles for the Irish Ecclesiastical Record on a range of interrelated topics such as jazz, the "dance menace,"6 and the "indecent" literature found in the "reptile press"—especially the "English Sunday and other weekly gutter journals."7 He was committed to safeguarding a particular form of Catholic Irishness that he viewed as threatened by young people's capacity to expand—through, for example, the growing popularity of the motor car—the "circle of their enjoyments."8 Such fears applied particularly to "girls" and young women who appeared increasingly able to slip through the nets of community surveillance. [End Page 121] Hegemony and the Emergence of the "Social Problem" of the "Unmarried Mother" Gramsci's theorizing of hegemony focuses on how a dominant class organizes, persuades, and maintains the consent of the subjugated by ensuring that its own ideas constitute embedded "mental conceptions"9 and "common sense" within a particular social formation.10 Hegemonic power does not "flow automatically from the economic position of the dominant group," but has to be "constructed and negotiated."11 This imperative becomes key at specific historical conjunctures at which "levels of society, the economy, politics, ideology, common sense … come together or 'fuse.'"12 During such a period a constellation of seemingly unrelated circumstances cluster; particular thematic concerns and preoccupations appear to accumulate or condense to highlight broader questions within an emerging hegemonic apparatus. This essay contends that the figure of the unmarried mother functioned as such a nodal point during the early years of the post–Civil War Irish Free State. In the mid-1920s the Free State could best be perceived as transitional—that is, it was in the process of developing what Michel Foucault would view as specific ideologies concerning the "just" treatment of "deviant" and "shameless classes."13 Located at a conjuncture marked by an evolving postcolonial hegemony, the new polity slowly achieved both conservative stability and a modernization of the state's social apparatus.14 Breathnach and O'Halpin suggest that the first decade of Irish [End Page 122] independence was characterized by "unprecedented centralization in public administration, a process marked by an almost puritanical zeal for efficiency, modernity, and probity."15 An institutional social order was being crafted to serve the material interests of a new national ruling class. In 1914 James Connolly had accurately predicted that the partition of Ireland was likely to...

"With the gardening workshop, the teenagers see the fruits of their labour in a tangible way"

This study assessed the strategy of building young people's capacity to provide care and support to people living with HIV and AIDS in rural Zambia. Members of youth anti-AIDS clubs in schools and communities were trained as adjunct caregivers using a locally developed curriculum that allowed them to explore and challenge gendered notions of caregiving and emphasized networking with existing resources. Results show that caregiving increased among males (47% to 82%) and females (41% to 78%). Both sexes provided similar caregiving services, including help with household chores and personal care tasks. Youth also undertook activities with children to decrease their isolation, help them stay in school, and reach additional services. While clients and caregivers reported positive aspects of the programme, both reported frustration with the youths’ inability to meet material needs. This study demonstrates that trained youth already involved in anti-AIDS efforts can meet a range of care needs and be valuable assets to their community. It also highlights the importance of communicating clearly what youth can and cannot do, ongoing monitoring and support of youth caregivers, and involving community leaders to give youth credibility and access to local resources.

This article investigates the collaborative and creative methodologies behind a project that sought to involve secondary school students in making art that responded to conversations with academics about research. This became the basis for a virtual gallery of their work representing university research. The article describes a particular university–school partnership, with a focus on creative, innovative methodologies for engagement, on young people's meaning-making and maker skills. We explore the potential of digital technologies for supporting this work, and the need to work collaboratively with artists and other skilled individuals to realize young people's capacity. This model is not focused on transmission, but on joint knowledge-creation and co-production. The article also explores the potential of arts-based methodologies to support young people's creative engagement with university research as a widening participation oriented methodology.

With 75% of mental illness beginning before 25 years of age, it is essential that we improve young people's capacity to manage adversity and increase their opportunities for accessing professional help. With its unique ability to connect people to information and to other people, the Internet offers opportunities to engage the 70% of young people with mental health problems who currently are not seeking professional help. Reach Out! is a national Internet-based mental health service for young people. It has been accessed by over 6 million users since its launch in 1998. Reach Out! plays a role in the prevention of mental health problems by: facilitating help-seeking and connecting young people with services, such as general practitioners, and allied and mental health professionals in their local communities; and providing opportunities for all young people to develop the skills and capacity to better understand mental health difficulties and manage adversity, thereby complementing traditional support.

In this chapter, we discuss a digital storytelling project conducted over three years with a cohort of 10 Aboriginal young people. The participants were alumni of the Korin Gamadji Institute (KGI). KGI recruits Aboriginal young people from across southeast Australia (mainly Victoria) to take part in an Aboriginal youth leadership programs. Two workshops were conducted at the Australian Centre for the Moving Image (ACMI), located in central Naarm/Melbourne, where young people acquired new digital skills and were exposed to a range of sophisticated media-making technologies. The final workshop shifted to Camp Jungai, a place of cultural significance for the Victorian Aboriginal community, where participants were able to experiment with mobile technologies (iPads and apps) and explore story-making in a community-based space. As a longitudinal study, the digital storytelling workshops exposed our developing intercultural research agenda as it progressed throughout the project. Researchers worked closely with KGI and the young participants to learn from them about their ambitions for the project, including young people's capacity to create innovative digital stories that reflected their identities and culture, alongside their lived experiences and ideas for the future. As an intercultural research project, the digital storytelling workshops revealed the significance of two-way learning and of supporting Aboriginal led programs to promote Indigenous knowledge exchange as an essential component in nurturing Aboriginal young people's connections to their culture and identity.