Abstract
Synchrotron-based high-energy X-ray Compton scattering imaging is a promising technique for non-destructively and quantitatively investigating commercialized lithium rechargeable batteries. We apply the Compton scattering imaging technique to commercial coin-type lithium rechargeable cells (VL2020) to non-destructively identify the degradation mechanism of the cell. The correlations between the Compton scattering intensity and line-shape of the Compton scattering X-ray energy spectrum (S-parameter) obtained from this technique produce unique distributions that characterize the aged cell. These distributions in the aged cell indicate that the stable phase of the anode formed through the overvoltage charge–discharge cycle. This stable phase prevents lithium reactions, producing microbubbles with the decomposition of the electrolyte.
Highlights
The demand for renewable energy from natural sources, like sunlight and wind, is rapidly increasing all over the world
These results showed that the difference in the Compton scattering intensities produced by the difference in the electron density enabled the non-destructive estimation of the matter in the cell
80 μm toward the cathode direction by charging the fresh cell in both the Compton scattering intensity and S-parameter distributions. This shift in the separator position is caused by the volume expansion of the anode because the lattice volume of the LiAl alloy expands about 95% compared with that of Al by inserting lithium [31]
Summary
The demand for renewable energy from natural sources, like sunlight and wind, is rapidly increasing all over the world. We have applied this technique to the commercial lithium primary cell CR2032 under discharge, where, by measuring the Compton scattering intensities, the migration of lithium ions from the anode to the cathode was visualized as the difference in the electron density, and the structural changes due to the volume expansion of the electrodes were revealed [10]. These results showed that the difference in the Compton scattering intensities produced by the difference in the electron density enabled the non-destructive estimation of the matter in the cell. In this study, we non-destructively identified the degradation state of the commercial coin-type cell by combining both the Compton scattering X-ray intensities and S-parameter analysis methods
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