Identifying spatial variation in the burden of diabetes among women across 640 districts in India: a cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among women in India. The burden of diabetes among women was found to increase with age and exposure to the post-partum period. The present study examines the spatial variation in the prevalence of diabetes among women in the late reproductive age-group of 35-49years across 640 districts in India. The study utilized data from the recent round of the National Family Health Survey, 2015-16. Age-standardized prevalence rates were calculated, followed by an examination of economic inequality using the poor-rich-ratio (PRR) and Wagstaff's concentration index. Spatial variation in the prevalence of diabetes was explored with a series of quantile maps, univariate, and bivariate LISA cluster maps. Further, to explore the district-level diabetes prevalence among women in the country, Ordinary Least Square and Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) models were used. The study findings affirm the presence of spatial clustering in the burden of diabetes among women. The burden is relatively higher among women from the Southern and Eastern parts of the country. Findings establish obesity, hypertension, and living in urban areas as major correlates of diabetes. Program with an aim to lower the intensity of community-based prevalence of diabetes, especially among women in their late reproductive ages, should adopt differential approaches across different states/districts in the context of their lifestyle, dietary pattern, working pattern, and other socio-cultural practices.