Abstract
Acetylcholine receptor type ligand-gated ion channels are well known in animals. Homologs are identified in prokaryotes that may act as chemotactic receptors.
Highlights
Acetylcholine receptor type ligand-gated ion channels (ART-ligand- or neurotransmitter-gated ion channels (LGICs); known as Cys-loop receptors) are a superfamily of proteins that include the receptors for major neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, serotonin, glycine, GABA, glutamate and histamine, and for Zn2+ ions
Identification of prokaryotic versions of the ART-LGIC superfamily To investigate the origins of the animal ART-LGIC superfamily, we tried to obtain a complete picture of their phyletic spread in all organisms with currently available genomic sequence information
We only used the globular extracellular domains of the known ART-LGIC receptors, which are typically around 200-220 amino acids in length, for our iterative sequence profile searches with the PSI-BLAST program
Summary
Acetylcholine receptor type ligand-gated ion channels (ART-LGIC; known as Cys-loop receptors) are a superfamily of proteins that include the receptors for major neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, serotonin, glycine, GABA, glutamate and histamine, and for Zn2+ ions. They play a central role in fast synaptic signaling in animal nervous systems and so far have not been found outside of the Metazoa. This superfamily is commonly referred to as the Cysloop superfamily (named after a conserved cystine bridge seen in the animal representatives of this superfamily) or the acetylcholine-receptor-type LGIC superfamily (ART-LGIC)
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